Alcohol n-aliphatic

Fig. 6.110. AG /kT vs. electrode charge (a) for the adsorption of n-aliphatic alcohols on mercury from aqueous 0.5 M Na2S04. The number on each plot is that of the carbon atoms of the given alcohol (n). The dashed curves were calculated by the authors of the graph. (Reprinted from R. Guidelli, in Adsorption of Molecules at Metal Electrodes, J.

Most of the other products found in irradiated meat volatiles except those containing sulfur or aromatic rings may also be accounted for by mechanisms associated with alkyl free radical formation in the fat. Oxygenated compounds are far less abundant than hydrocarbons, but appreciable amounts of a homologous series of n-aliphatic alcohols up to hexanol are found. Of these, only ethanol is detected in the unirradiated controls. Since the water content of meat averages nearly 60%, the formation of alcohols may be thought to occur by reaction of the alkyl free radical with water. Such a mechanism is supported by the fact that only traces of alcohols are found in irradiated dry butterfat and were undetected in irradiated triglycerides or methyl esters of fatty acids. 

A sample of non-porous a-Al203 (of a(BET) = 2.7 m2 g 1) was used in an important investigation by Barto et al. (1966) of the adsorption of a series of n-aliphatic alcohols. The isotherms, which are displayed in Figure 10.15, show very clearly the effect of autophobicity . Thus, the increase in hydrocarbon chain length from Cl to... 

In a further study of autophobicity by Blake and Wade (1971), adsoiption isotherms were determined for water vapour and the first five n-aliphatic alcohols on the surface of oxidized aluminium foil. The results were very similar to those obtained for a-Al203. A Type II water isotherm was obtained, the initial steep slope being indicative of a high affinity of adsorption. The residual uptake of water was... 

Figure 2. IS. Surface excess entropy for n-alkanes and n-aliphatic alcohols at temperatures Just above the melting points. Data from tables A 1.5 and 6. except for the value for ethane which is taken from A.J. Leadbetter. D.J. Taylor and B. Vincent, Can. J. Chem. 42 (1964) 2930, and that for methane which stems from from S. Fuks and A. Bellemans, Physica 32 (1966) 594.

Jackson, P. and Parfitt, G.D., A microscopic electrophoretic study of the rutile/ n-aliphatic alcohol system. ColloidZ. Z. Polym., 244, 240, 1971. 

The Efficacy of n-Aliphatic Alcohols and /i-Aliphatic Fatty Acids on Various Membrane Systems with Special Reference to Olfaction and Taste... 

Saturated vapor pressures (SVP). All SVP s have been calculated using data given by Dreisbach ( ). For both n-aliphatic alcohols and -fatty acids the log SVP is a linear function of the number of carbon atoms (N). For both functions the following regression equations have been obtained ... 

Table 1. The Linear Regression Between the Log-Elfectiveness (Physiological or Biophysical Parameter) and Number of Carbon Atoms for the n-Aliphatic Alcohols...

Table 3. The Av values for the n-aliphatic alcohols for four different groupings,together with their means and standard deviations. The data are taken from Table 1,...

Table 6. The mean Ay values and mean intercepts of the regression lines of the n-aliphatic alcohols and n-fatty acids for the four different groupings and overall. The data are taken from Tables 3 and 5>...

The studies cited in this paper show that for n-aliphatic alcohols (C1-C12) and -acids (C2 Cg), olfaction and taste act in similar ways as chemotaxis and anesthesia. Jain et al. ( ) came to a similar conclusion for many other membrane systems. Alcohols and fatty acids were used in the present study since olfactory and gustatory data on these compounds could be compared with those on many other systems. It should be kept in mind that threshold... 

Moulton, D.G. and Eayrs, J.T. Studies on olfactory acuity II. Relative detectability of n-aliphatic alcohols by the rat. 

Tertiary aliphatic alcohols Methyl esters of carboxylic acids Esters of n-chain carboxylic acids Silanes... 

Dimethyl n-propyl carbinol Reactions and characterisation of aliphatic alcohols... 

More recently, this method has been extensively applied to a wide range of Williamson syntheses in dry media with K2C03 and KOH as bases, TBAB as phase-transfer agent, and a variety of aliphatic alcohols (e. g. n-octanol and n-decanol, yields 75-92%) [18],... 

Pd-catalyzed intramolecular etherification reactions of aliphatic alcohols have also been practiced in tandem with other bond-forming processes, such as a Pd-catalyzed allyltin addition to an aldehyde (Equation (32)).160 Similarly, a tandem C-N and G-O bond formation sequence occurs (Equation (33)) during the reactions of /3-amino alcohols with biscarbonates in the presence of the N,O-acetal-derived ligand 43.161-163... 

A two-component bimetallic catalytic system has been developed for the allylic etherification of aliphatic alcohols, where an Ir(i) catalyst acts on allylic carbonates to generate electrophiles, while the aliphatic alcohols are independently activated by Zn(n) coordination to function as nucleophiles (Equation (48)).194 A cationic iridium complex, [Ir(COD)2]BF4,195 and an Ru(n)-bipyridine complex196 have also been reported to effectively catalyze the O-allylation of aliphatic alcohols, although allyl acetate and MeOH, respectively, are employed in excess in these examples. 

Asymmetric induction has also been achieved in the cyclization of aliphatic alcohol substrates where the catalyst derived from a spirocyclic ligand differentiates enantiotopic alcohols and alkenes (Equation (114)).416 The catalyst system derived from Pd(TFA)2 and (—)-sparteine has recently been reported for a similar cyclization process (Equation (115)).417 In contrast to the previous cases, molecular oxygen was used as the stoichiometric oxidant, thereby eliminating the reliance on other co-oxidants such as GuCl or/>-benzoquinone. Additional aerobic Wacker-type cyclizations have also been reported employing a Pd(n) system supported by A-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands.401,418... 

Although aliphatic alcohols are typically poor acceptors in the Mitsunobu-type glycosylation, Szarek and coworkers have highlighted one advance to this end [95]. For the triphenylphosphine and diethylazodicarboxylate promoted glycosylation of a monosaccharide acceptor, the addition of mercuric bromide is necessary to promote the reaction. For example, the (1,6)-disaccharide 44 was obtained in 80% yield using this modified Mitsunobu protocol. Unlike previous examples with phenol or N-acceptors, preactivation of the hemiacetal donor was performed for 10 min at room temperature prior to addition of the aliphatic alcohol nucleophile. 

Halogens, See also Bromine (Br) Chlorine (Cl) Fluorine (F) Iodine (I) higher aliphatic alcohols, 2 5 in N-halamines, 13 98 reactions with acetaldehyde, 1 105 reactions with acetone, 1 163 reactions with acetylene, 1 180 reactions with alkanolamines from olefin oxides and ammonia, 2 125—126 reactions with aluminum, 2 284—285, 349-359... 

P. Pichat, M.N. Mozzanega, J. Disdier, J.M. Herrmann, Room temperature hydrogen production from aliphatic alcohols uv-illuminated Pt/Ti02 catalysts, Int.J. Hydrogen Energy 9 (1984) 397-403. 

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