Mycobacterium spp

In all Mycobacterium spp. two conserved PPTases are found an AcpS that activates two FASs and another PPTase that acts on NRPSs and PKSs that are involved in the biosynthesis of virulence factors. The essential role of both PPTases was demonstrated for the survival of Mycobacterium smegmatis, making them promising targets for the development of new antituberculosis drugs. 

Exochelins (322,323) are peptidic siderophores imm Mycobacterium spp. (see also below mycobactins). Exochelin MS (16) from M. smegmatis comprises (3-Ala and three W -OHOm units, which are linked by their atoms to acyl groups thus forming hydroxamic acids. 

The newest glycolipids from Mycobacterium spp., and the most suiprising in terms of novel structural principles, are the trehalose-containing lipo-oligosaccha-rides (LOS). The structures of all of those described thus far are summarized in Table ID. 

Table 32 Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of methdilazine (Md), streptomycin (Sm) and rifampicin (Rf) on Mycobacterium spp. ...

Brezna, B., Khan, A. A. Cerniglia, C. E. (2003). Molecular characterization of dioxygenases from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading Mycobacterium spp. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 223, 177-83. 

Bacteria Bacillus subtilis Escherichia coll Klebsiella pneumoniae Legionella pneumophila Mycobacterium spp. 

OPTIMISATION OF CONDITIONS FOR THE USE OF A NOVEL BIOLUMINESCENT REPORTER SYSTEM IN MYCOBACTERIUM SPP. 

Much of the early structural definition of the cell wall of Mycobacterium spp. was conducted in the 1960s and 1970s, followed by a period of inactivity. However, developments in genomics, bioinformatics, proteomics, and analytical techniques have resulted in a more detailed and thorough understanding of the structure of the mycobacterial cell wall core and its biosynthesis. The goal of this chapter is to describe the structure and biosynthesis of the MAPc, LAM, and AM, and the ultrastructure of the mycobacterial cell envelope, in broad terms. 

Mycobacterium spp. and Streptomyces spp. are predicted to have both type I and type III PanKs. 

Methyl ethers of Man, mono-substituted at the 2, 3, 4 or 6 positions have been reported in the lipopolysaccharides of photosynthetic procaryotes [82, 83]. The reducing end of the mannans from Mycobacterium smegmatis and Streptomyces griseus have a terminal a-O-methyl group on C-l and Man30Me in the polymer chain. The lactic acid ether 4-0-[-(S)-l- carboxyethyl]-D-mannose is a component of extracellular polysaccharides of Mycobacterium spp., and a-amino-3-0-[-... 

Mycobacterium spp. Phenolic glyco- - o>-[(4-Glycosylo5Qr)phenyl]phthiocerol 63 75 Worldwide... 

Mycobacterium spp. other thanM tuberculosis, M. bovis oxM. leprae... 

Long-chain a-mycolic acids isolated from various Mycobacterium spp. have also been determined intact by GC after methylation and trimethyl silylation with BSTFA/pyridine (2 1 v/v) for 30 min at 80 °C [190]. The mono TMS ether derivatives (23) of methyl a-mycolates containing up to 86 carbon atoms eluted after over 2h from a short (0.3-0.4 m x 3 mm i.d.) packed (1% OV-101 on Gas-Chrom Q) column at a GC oven temperature of 320-340 °C. These compounds are probably the longest chain natural lipids yet determined by... 

Complex waxes are compounds where either the fatty acid or the alcohol component or both has a complex structure. For example, the waxes of Mycobacterium spp. are diesters of phthiocerols (C33-C35 branched-chain diols) with mycocerosic acids (C29-C32 branched-chain acids) (Asselineau, 1966). 

Formycin B or hydroxyformycin, is also synthesized by Streptomyces lavendulae and S. roseochromogenes var. cyaensis. Formycin B is the deamination product of formycin and is less toxic than the latter. Its effect is limited mostly to Mycobacterium spp, and a few viruses,... 

Sedo and Zdrahal provide in Chap. 7 specific examples of MALDITOF MS profiling for successful differentiation between strains of the Lactobacillus acidophilus group and sqXqcXcA Mycobacterium spp. In these two examples, careful optimization of the culture protocols contributed to the method robustness. In addition, strains within the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex. Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis ecotypes can be successfully typed by utilizing two alternative sample preparation protocols alternative MALDI matrix solution or microwave-assisted tiyptic digestion of the intact cells. 

The Influence of Cultivation Conditions on Distinguishing Between Strains of Selected Mycobacterium spp. 

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