Streptomyces lavendulae

This material was made up with distilled water to provide 41 g per liter, and the mixture was adjusted to pH 7.0 with potassium hydroxide solution. To the mixture were added per liter 5.0 g of calcium carbonate and 7.5 ml of soybean oil. 2,000 ml portions of this medium were then added to fermentation vessels, equipped with stirrers and aeration spargers, and sterilized at 121°C for 60 minutes. After cooling the flasks were inoculated with a suspension of strain No. ATCC 11924 of Streptomyces lavendulae, obtained from the surface of agar slants. The flasks were stirred for 4 days at 28°C at approximately 1,700 rpm. At the end of this period the broth was found to contain cycloserine in the amount of about 250 C.D.U./ml of broth. The mycelium was separated from the broth by filtration. The broth had a pH of about 7.5. Tests showed it to be highly active against a variety of microorganisms. 

The metabolic functionalization of cannabinoids is of continuing interest (c/. Vol. 4, p. 71 Vol. 7, p. 50). A -THC may be hydroxylated at C-4 using Mycobacterium rhodochrous (together with aromatization) or at C-4" of the side-chain with Bacillus cereus or may be oxygenated at C-5 with Streptomyces species. A -THC has been hydroxylated in both the ring system and the side-chain with Pellicularia filamentosa and Streptomyces lavendulae, and further evidence in favour of in vivo epoxy metabolites and derivatives in the mouse has been presented (cf. Vol. 4,... 

Varma, R., Nene, S. (2003). Biosynthesis of cholesterol oxidase by Streptomyces lavendulae NCIM 2421. Enz. Microb. Technol, 33, 286-291. 

The mitomycins are a family of aziridine-containing antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces lavendulae. One of these antibiotics, mitomycin C (MMC), is an antitumor antibiotic frequently used for the treatment of breast, lung, stomach, intestinal, testicular, cholioepithelial, seminal and oral carcinoma [18-20]. When human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (HSC-2, HSC-4) were treated with MMC, the viable cell number was dose-dependently reduced (CC50 of MMC against HSC-2, HSC-3 and HSC-4 cells 3.5, 9.7 and 18 xM, respectively, determined 24 hours after treatment). The rapid decline of polyamines (measured at 3 hours after MMC treatment) was observed prior to the expression of early apoptosis markers such as the production of annexin-positive cells and caspase activation (Table 1) [21]. The interactions... 

On the other hand, Cylindrocarpon radicicola and Streptomyces lavendulae transform progesterone (22) into the antitumor substance testolactone (25) in 85% overall yield408. In this case, the reaction sequence is characterized by initial A -dehydrogenation. 

Similarly, resistance to the anticancer antibiotic mitomycin in the producing organism, Streptomyces lavendulae, occurs via sequestration of the antibiotic by the binding protein MRD (81, 82). This protein interacts with the mitomycin export system, thus additionally facilitating export of the antibiotic from the cell. The structure of MRD reveals similarity to the bleomycin resistance proteins and, in fact, the protein can also bind bleomycin and confer resistance to this antibiotic (83). 

Martin TW, Dauter Z, Devedjiev Y, Sheffield P, Jelen F, He M, Sherman DH, Otlewski J, Derewenda ZS, Derewenda U. Molecular basis of mitomycin C resistance in streptomyces structure and function of the MRD protein. Structure 2002 10(7) 933—942. Sheldon PJ, Johnson DA, August PR, Liu HW, Sherman DH. Characterization of a mitomycin-binding drug resistance mechanism from the producing organism, Streptomyces lavendulae. J. Bacteriol. 1997 179(5) 1796-1804. 

The actinomycetes (order Actinomycetales) are nonmotile organisms that may be considered as intermediate forms between bacteria and molds. They occur abundantly in soils, composts, river and lake bottoms, in dust particles, and upon plant surfaces. The order is divided into three families comprising a number of genera. These genera are represented in nature by many thousands of species, of which several hundred have been scientifically characterized. Recent interest in the antibiotics elaborated by the actinomycetes first centered on the substance streptothricin, isolated from Streptomyces lavendulae (formerly named Actinomyces lavendulae). When this antibiotic was found to exhibit dangerous delayed toxicity effects, attention was turned to streptomycin, which had been isolated from the culture medium of a related organism. 

Structurally and biosynthetically related to streptonigrin is lavendamycin (243), isolated from Streptomyces lavendulae (82MI5). In addition to these antibiotics, a new metabolite was isolated from Streptomyces species, strep-tonigron (244). It is a pyridone derivative with no antimicrobial activity (85MI5). 

Trehalosamine (433), an a,a-(l l)-linked disaccharide produced by Streptomyces lavendulae, is an aminoglycoside antibiotic composed of D-glucose and 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose [252],... 

Nojirimycin B (248, mannojirimycin) was isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces lavendulae, along with nojirimycin [550]. The structure of 248 was established by NMR and by its oxidation to mannonic-6-lactam. Nojirimycin B was a potent inhibitor of apricot emulsin and rat epididymal a-mannosidase, but was less active against Trichoderma viride p-glucosidase. It was weakly active against Xanthomonas oryzae, but inactive against other bacteria [550]. 

Streptomyces lavendulae SEN-158 (1-deoxynojirimycin), 106 Streptomyces lydicus PA-5726 (galactonojirimycin), 141 Streptomyces nojiriensis sp. SF-426 (nojirimycin), 105 Streptomyces roseochromogenes (anisomycin), 46... 

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