Muscle testing

Smaller concentrations of activity were found in other tissues muscle, testes, lungs, heart, skin, spleen, stomach, pancreas, brain, bone, kidneys, and adrenals (Table II). Standard errors as large as the mean... 

Figure 1 The muscle testing apparatus used to measure duodenal smooth muscle motility.

Table 13.3 indicates the tissue distribution of LCM in rats at different time points after intravenous injection (ref. 532). No microbubbles were detected in brain within the left hemisphere (i.e., opposite the tumor), spleen, muscle, testes, or intestine at any time after intravenous injection of LCM. Microbubble aggregation in liver increased significantly 3 hours after injection, and by 24 hours, patches of bubbles could be detected. In the kidney, the... 

A comparison between aminoalcohol and aminoacid derivatives F-I reveals that the latter have equal potency in locomotive activity and muscles tests. They have prolonged ethanol anesthesia and are active only in the tonic phase of corazole convulsion tests. Methiodide H is highly effective against hypoxia.511... 

The two standards specify slightly different tests and follow different methodologies. The USP Class VI test method consists of acute systemic (over the tissue), intracutaneous (under the skin), and muscle implantation (in the muscle) tests. Establishing a USP Class VI rating has little bearing on whether the product will win approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The Class VI rating merely states that the products exhibit a low level of toxicity under the test conditions. 

The —50 kDa band (48-53 kDa) is identified as dysbindin-1 A in our WESTERNS, because it runs close to the molecular mass of our histidine-tagged recombinant mouse dysbindin-1 A. Its identity is confirmed by the fact that it is recognized by antibodies we have recently generated to amino acid sequences in the CTR of human dysbindin-lA, but not found in dysbindin-lB, -2, or -3. The —50 kDa band is the most consistently observed dysbindin-1 band across tissues. We find it in all tissues examined to date the adrenal gland, heart, kidney, liver, lung, spleen, skeletal muscle, testes, spinal cord, cerebellum, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex (e.g., Figure 2.2-12a and c). In mouse and human synaptosomes, the —50 kDa isoform is heavily concentrated in the PSD fraction with a much lesser amount in the presynaptic membrane and no detectable amount in the synaptic vesicle fraction (Talbot et al., in preparation). 

The activities of CarbEs have been localized and determined in almost all tissues, with the highest activity in liver. A substantial amount of the enzyme activity is present in heart, kidney, lungs, brain, skeletal muscles, testes, small intestine, pancreas, nasal mucosa, adipose tissue, and plasma. Normal values of CarbEs for some of the tissues, using tributyrin as the substrate, are given in Table 1. No significant variability in the... 

With the development of (-)-l-phenyl-2-propylaminopentane, (-)-PPAP, the (-)-deprenyl analogue free of the MAO-B inhibitory potency, we already furnished direct evidence that the enhanced dopaminergic activity following administration of (-)-deprenyl was unrelated to the inhibition of MAO-B. Because (-)-PPAP, like (-)-deprenyl, inhibited the uptake of tyramine in isolated smooth muscle tests, we first assumed that the drug-induced enhanced dopaminergic activity was due to an uptake inhibitory effect. Further studies revealed that this interpretation was false. 

XI. Spinal accessory nerve. Trapezius and sternomastoid muscles Test power of shrugging shoulders and turning the head to one side against resistance. 

Escolar DM, Henricson EK, Mayhew J et al (2001) Clinical evaluator reliability for quantitative and manual muscle testing measures of strength in children. Muscle Nerve 24 787-793... 

Effect of Hypothyroidism on Eatigue Resistance Reports on how hypothyroidism affects fatigue resistance in skeletal muscles appear to contradict one another. There is reduced fatigue resistance in hypothyroid muscles tested in situ where muscle blood flow is unimpaired (Roy et al.. 

Clinically, the two most frequently used methods of strength testing are actually noninstrumented tests the manual muscle test (MMT) and the functional muscle test (see Amundsen [1990] for more information on functional muscle tests). In each of these cases interval scaled grading criteria are operationally defined. However, a distinct advantage of using instruments to measure strength is that quantifiable units can be obtained. 

Deciding whether to measure force (a translational quantity) or torque (a rotational quantity) is an important issue in testing strength. Even when the functional units of interest produce rotational motion, force measurement at some point along the moment arm is common. This is due to the evolution from manual muscle tests to the use of objective measurements where a force sensor replaces the human examiner sense of force resisted or generated. If d is the distance from the point of rotation to the point of force measurement and the force vector is tangent to the arc of motion, then... 

Similar to manual muscle testing (MMT) in test positions and sites for load application increased objectivity over MMT portable easy to administer relatively inexpensive commercially available from several suppliers adaptable for a variety of test sites provide immediate output spring and hydraulic systems are nonelectrical load-based systems provide more precise digital measurements... 

Hislop H.J. and Montgomery J. 2002. Daniels and Worthingham s Muscle Testing Techniques of Manual Examination, 7th ed. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Company. 

Kendall F.P., McCreary E.K., Provance P.G., Rodgers M., and Romani W. 2005. Muscles Testing and Function with Posture and Pain. Philadelphia, Lippincott, Williams 8c Wilkins. 

Pope, M.H. 1992. A critical evaluation of functional muscle testing. In J.N. Weinstein (Ed.), Clinical Efficacy and Outcome in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Low Back Pain, p. 101, Ltd., New York, Raven... 

Heart, kidney, mammary gland, milk, ovary, serum, skeletal muscle, testes, fetal tissue, bone, cartilaginous tissue, connective tissue, hair, skin... 

Species Se Cd Blood Liver Kidney Muscle Testes References... 

Daniels L, Worthingham C. Muscle Testing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia W.B. Saunders, 1972. 

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