Murine monocytes

Species differences must be considered when choosing a model and, in particular, species-specific immunological differences between the human and the test animal. For example, in humans, an anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (MAb) will bind to CD4 expressed on monocytes, with subsequent fixing of complement and destruction of antigen-presenting cells. However, since CD4 molecules are not expressed on murine monocytes, these effects would not be evident in a murine model. 

In the first differential proteomics approach for the identification and characterization of proteins involved in both the inflammatory cascade and Leflunomide mode of action (Dax et al, 1998), the murine monocyte/macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 was employed and the RAW 264.7 proteomes of normal, unstimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages with the respective LPS-stimulated and/or drug-treated were compared. This cell line was chosen since RAW 264.7 cells have been used as a model system to study immune responses (Bahl et al, 1994) successfully before. 

Recent studies from our laboratory additionally indicate that the transition from the monocyte to mature PAM T-suppressive phenotype is time dependent and cytokine sensitive. Following recruitment into the lung via a sterile inflammatory stimulus, murine monocytes require 5 days for full maturation (Bilyk and Holt, 1994). In addition, the presence of cytokines such as GM-CSF (especially if free TNFa is also available) inhibits the expression of suppressive activity (Fig. 1.5). If mature PAMs are cultured continuously in the presence of GM-CSF, their T cell-interactive phenotype reverts to that of... 

Flow Cytometry Detection of Chemokine Receptors for the Identification of Murine Monocyte and Neutrophil Subsets... 

The gating strategy to analyze murine monocyte subpopulations from blood-derived leukocytes is described in Fig. lA. The evaluation of CCR2 and CX3CR1 expression levels on the surface of LY6C and LY6C ° monocytes is defined as shown in Fig. IB. 

B. J. (1994) Biochemical and biologic characterization of murine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Identification of two frmctional domains. Joumcd of Immunology (Baltimore, Md 1950), 152, 3541-3549. 

Lidocaine solution (12 mM), as proposed by Stewart (1981) to remove adherent murine monocytes, activated superoxide dismutase (Gulyaewa et al. 1987). Lidocaine and related local anaesthetics disrupt ion transport across cell membranes through changes in membrane fluidity. Lidocaine... 

A murine monocytes-macrophages cell line was used as a model to study foreign-body response and phagocytosis capability. The adhesion and proliferation of these cells increased after alkaline surface hydrolysis of P3HB-8%3HV films. Pretreatment of the unmodified polymer with collagen had a repulsive effect on the cells, which disappeared on the hydrolyzed polymer, while fibronectin promoted cell adhesion on both siu-faces [122]. 

It has been established that several DNA viruses secrete proteins that are able to intercept cytokines as a means to modulate the host immune response (94-96). Recently, it has been discovered that the murine gammaherpesvirus 68 M3 gene encodes a secreted 44-kD protein that binds a wide range of chemokines (97,98). The M3 protein binds chemokines from all four subfamilies of chemokines including murine macrophage inflammatory protein-la (MIP-la), IL-8, murine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and human regulated... 

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