Municipal solid waste , typical

Individual components. Components that typically make up most industrial and municipal solid wastes and their relative distribution are reported in Table 25-50. Although any number of components could be selected, those listed in the table have been chosen because they are readily identifiable, are consistent with component categories reported in the literature, and are adequate for the characterization of solid wastes for most applications. 

Venmri scrubbers have been applied to control PM emissions from utility, industrial, commercial, and institutional boilers fired with coal, oil, wood, and liquid waste. They have also been applied to control emission sources in the chemical, mineral products, wood, pulp and paper, rock products, and asphalt manufacrnring industries lead, aluminum, iron and steel, and gray iron production industries and to municipal solid waste incinerators. Typically, venturi scrubbers are applied where it is necessary to obtain high collection efficiencies for fine PM. Thus, they are applicable to controlling emission sources with high concentrations of submicron PM. 

Municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) are a robust treatment method for very different mixed waste types of different origin. The typical MSWI handles waste of a calorific value between 9 and 13 MJ/kg. They are the key technology for the treatment of integral household waste in countries such as Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands and Germany. Some 7% of this integral household waste consists of plastics. Treatment of... 

Note MPW is Mixed Plastic Waste MSW ca is municipal solid waste and comparable material Typical capacities considered are 50 ktpa to 200 tpa Theoretical potential if most blast furnaces and cement kilns in the EU start to replace regular fossil resources by MPW ... 

Fig. 5a-c. A typical distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a atmospheric fallout sample, Alexandria City - Egypt b bottom incineration ash leachate of municipal solid waste - USA c hydrothermal petroleum, Escanaba Trough, NE Pacific Ocean. PAH Compound identifications N = naphthalene, MN = methylnaphthalene, DMN = dimethylnaphthalenes, P = phenanthrene, MP = methylphenanthrene, Fl = fluoranthene, Py = pyrene, BaAN = benzol anthracene, DH-Py = dihydropyrene, 2,3-BF = 2,3-benzofluorene, BFL = benzo[fc,/c]fluoranthene, BeP = benzo[e]pyrene, BaP = benzo[a]pyrene, Per = perylene, Cx-228 = methyl-228 series, Indeno = indeno[ l,2,3-c,d]pyrene, DBAN = dibenz[a,/z]anthracene, BPer = benzo[g,/z,z] perylene, AAN = anthanthrene, DBTH = dibenzothiophene, Cor = coronene, DBP = dibenzo [a,e]pyrene, DBPer = dibenzo [g,h,i] perylene... 

Given the mechanisms and temperatures, waste combustion systems typically employ higher percentages of excess air, and typically also have lower cross-sectional and volumetric heat release rates than those associated with fossil fuels. Representative combustion conditions are shown in Table 11 for wet wood waste with 50—60% moisture total basis, municipal solid waste, and RDF. 

The minimization of waste is an important issue. Recycling is a good option but should only be considered if reuse is not possible. For a sustainable future, it is necessary to recycle as much as possible. The amount of waste varies from country to country, with the United States leading the list with 0.88 ton per person per year, followed by Australia (0.74 ton per person per year), and Canada (0.5 ton per person per year) [35,36]. Only 27% of the municipal solid waste generated in the United States in 1995 was recycled. Materials typically recycled included paper, plastic, wood, steel, aluminum, and glass. 

Typical proximate-analysis data for the combustible components of industrial and municipal solid wastes are presented in Table 22-57. 

Transfer and Transport of Hazardous Wastes The facilities of a hazardous-waste transfer station are quite different from those of an industrial or municipal solid-waste transfer station. Typically, hazardous wastes are not compacted (mechanical volume reduction),... 

Other materials in waste that is thermally processed also were studied by pyrolytic techniques, typically with the purpose of regenerating the monomers or of obtaining other useful small molecules. For example, pyrolytic studies were performed for the evaluation of the possibilities for re-utilization of nylon carpet waste [7], the recycling of thermoset polymeric composites [8], the recovery of methyl methacrylate from poly(methyl methacrylate) waste [9], as well as for other raw material recovery from pyrolysis of plastic waste [10]. The results of incineration of various other types of waste also were studied at model scale [11, 12). These studies were applied to specific waste materials associated with the manufacturing process or to municipal solid waste [13-15)... 

Urban refuse or municipal solid waste is produced at a rate of about 11 kg (5 lb) per person per day, and contains both organic as well as nonorganic materials. Combustion of organic waste represents a supplemental source of supply of energy. Table 4.9 lists the HHV for typical wastes. If you watch calories, Table 4.10 shows the calories in various foods. Table 4.11 indicates some heating values of typical coals. 

Typical Moisture Content of Municipal Solid Waste... 

Recycling or reuse can take two forms preconsumer and postconsumer applications. Preconsumer recycling involves raw materials, products, and by-products that have not reached a consumer for an intended end use but are typically reused within an original process. Postconsumer recycled materials are those that have served their intended end use by a business, consumer, or institutional source and have been separated from municipal solid waste for the purpose of recycling. 

Although the composition of municipal solid waste varies greatly both geographically and by season, an analysis of data from many cities in the United States shows a remarkable similarity. Typically, municipal solid waste in the United States contains about 40 percent combustible material by weight. 

At least 180 million metric tons of municipal solid waste are generated in the US each year. Over 87% of this material is sent to landfills or incinerators, the rest is recycled for further use. In typical municipal solid waste, about 45% is paper and paper products. Newsprint alone is an estimated 30% of paper-related waste. These cellulosic wastes are the potential substrate for ethanol production [106,107]. 

Describe the generation of municipal solid waste in your country and compare these values with those typical for the whole Asian region. 

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