Multistage mass analysis

Ion traps are favored for proteomics studies because of their ability to perform multistage mass analysis (MSn), thereby increasing the structural information obtained from molecules. Ion traps, however, do not provide information for ions that have lower mass-to-charge values (the one-third rule). Additionally, the sensitivity of ion traps can also be limiting because only about 50% of the ions within a trap are ejected to the detector. Ion traps are also subject to a space charging phenomenon that may occur when the concentration of ions in the trap is high and produces ion repulsion within the trap. Nevertheless, the versatility and robustness of ion trap MS underlies its popularity for several proteomics-related applications. 

Lemr, K. et al. Analysis of metal complex azo dyes by high-performance liquid chroma-tography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and multistage mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2000,14,1881-1888. 

Loftus, N. et al., Profiling and biomarker identification in plasma from different Zucker rat strains via high mass accuracy multistage mass spectrometric analysis using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with a quadrupole ion trap-time of flight mass spectrometer, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 22(16), 2547, 2008. 

The implementation of multistage mass spectrometry significantly improved analysis of novel bio-inspired materials that combined both... 

Tandem mass spectrometry is not restricted to two stages of mass analysis (i.e., MS/MS or MS ) it is also possible to perform multistage MS (i.e., higher-order MS) experiments, abbreviated as MS". These experiments can determine the genealogical relation between a precnrsor and its ionic prodncts. For example, MS indicates three stages of tandem mass spectrometry, which involves mass selection of one of the prodncts, say either mi+,m2" ", or m3+, formed from... 

Tandem mass spectrometry is a multistage mass spectrometry technique that can precisely ascertain the progeny of ions. MS/MS involves mass selection of a precursor ion, activation and fragmentation of the mass-selected precursor, and mass analysis of the charged products. This technique can be applied to... 

Takemori, N. Komori, N. Matsumoto, H. Highly sensitive multistage mass spectrometry enables small-scale analysis of protein glycosylation from two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels. Electrophoresis 2006, 27, 1394-1406. 

The rate-based analysis introduced in Section 14.2 can be developed as outlined below to define a general, rigorous, multi-component rate-based stage model. It takes into account mass and energy transfer between the phases within a stage, and can be connected to other stages to form multistage columns. 

Recently, a LC/MS method for analysis of OTA in grape extracts and wine by surface-activated chemical ionization and multistage fragmentation mass spectrometry (LC/SACI-MSn) was developed (Flamini et al, 2007). The SACI method (see section 1.4) is an... 

The methods used to analyze mass transfer in leaching systems depend on the methods of contacting used and how they are combined in multistage equipment. Appropriate methods of analysis may be the same for two superficially different types of contacting. Thus, crossflow extraction can be analyzed in terms of fixed-bed extraction and, if the two-phase flow in cocurrent slurry extraction is sufficiently pluglike, it... 

Chemical derivatization methods provide a useful additional tool for protein structural analysis, particularly when conpled with the multistage tandem mass spectrometric capabilities of modern ion trap mass spectrometers. The objective of this chapter was to provide a brief overview of the chemical derivatization strategies that are employed currently to address the challenges associated with protein identification, characterization, and quantitative analysis as well as for the characterization of protein-protein interactions. 

See also Air Analysis Sampling. Extraction Solvent Extraction Multistage Countercurrent Distribution Supercritical Fluid Extraction. Gas Chromatography Multidimensional Techniques. Mass Spectrometry Time-of-Flight. Quality Assurance Quality Control Reference Materials. Water Analysis Overview. 

See also Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Interferences and Background Correction. Atomic Emission Spectrometry Principles and Instrumentation Interferences and Background Correction Flame Photometry Inductively Coupled Plasma Microwave-Induced Plasma. Atomic Mass Spectrometry Inductively Coupled Plasma Laser Microprobe. Countercurrent Chromatography Solvent Extraction with a Helical Column. Derivatization of Analytes. Elemental Speciation Overview Practicalities and Instrumentation. Extraction Solvent Extraction Principles Solvent Extraction Multistage Countercurrent Distribution Microwave-Assisted Solvent Extraction Pressurized Fluid Extraction Solid-Phase Extraction Solid-Phase Microextraction. Gas Chromatography Ovenriew. Isotope Dilution Analysis. Liquid Chromatography Ovenriew. 

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