Multipotent stem cell

Figure 2.1. Development of blood cells. The development of blood cells occurs in the bone marrow. All cells arise from the differentiation of pluripotent or multipotent stem cells, which have the capacity for self-renewal, or else can divide into more mature cells types. The morphological features of the mature blood cell types is shown.

It is believed that all blood cells arise from the division and differentiation of multipotent stem cells. These stem cells have considerable capacity for self-renewal by cell division but may also differentiate into progenitor cells of lymphocytic or myeloid lineages (see Fig. 2.1). Experiments with colony-... 

There are two general avenues for stem cell research pluripotent and multipotent stem cells. Pluripotent stem cells are obtained by two methods. One method is to harvest the clusters of cells from the blastocysts of human embryos. Another method is the isolation of pluripotent cells from fetuses in terminated pregnancies. Multipotent stem cells are derived from umbihcal cords or adult... 

Abstract. G-CSF Is a major extracellular regulator of hematopoiesis and the most used cytokine in clinical practice. Coherently with and for a long time after the repeated injections of low doses of G-CSF the study of alterations in hematopoietic precursor cells concentration in the bone marrow of mice was undertaken. G-CSF treatment did not affect the number of granulocytes and oligopotent precursor cells (CFU-C). However, frequency of early multipotent stem cells (LTC-IC) decreased one month after the last (7 ) course of G-CSF injections, moreover it halved during the following year. The exhaustion of LTC-IC after G-CSF treatment is discussed. 

Zuk PA, Zhu M, Ashjian P, De Ugarte DA, Huang JI, Mizuno H, Alfonso ZC, Fraser JK, Benhaim P, Hedrick MH. Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells. Mol Biol Cell 2002 13 4279-4295. 

The 35 mm dish assay detects compounds that are cytotoxic to or alter proliferation of the multipotent stem cells, but the main limitation of the 35 mm dish CFU assay is the need to microscopically identify and count the colonies to determine the compound concentration that decreased the number of colonies by 50% (IC50) or 90% (IC90). The European Community for Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) supported the recommendation of using the mouse and human CFU-GM IC90 with... 

Multipotent stem cells derived from human adipose tissue and cellular therapeutic agents comprising the same, using [RufCO C L [118]... 

Doetsch F, Petrenu 1, CaiUe I, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Alvarez-BuyUa A (2002) EGF converts transit-amplifying neurogenic precursors in the adult brain into multipotent stem cells. Neuron 36 1021-1034. 

The therapeutic application of stem cells has long been a dream of medical sciences, but recent discoveries and technical advances have brought this dream much closer to being a reality. Stem cells are usually defined as undifferentiated cells capable of self-renewal, which can differentiate into more than one specialized cell type. Pluripotent stem cells are capable of essentially differentiating into any cell type, whereas multipotent stem cells, often found (be it in low numbers) within specific organs, give rise to lineage-restricted, tissue-specific cell types (see also Part I, Chapter 13). Human embryonic stem cells, harvested from the inner mass... 

Herzlinger D, Koseki C, Mikawa T, et al. Me-tanephric mesenchyme contains multipotent stem cells whose fate is restricted after induction. Development 1992 114 565-572. 

Conversely, dedifferentiation of tissue-specific progenitor cells could provide another source of multipotent stem cells, which could then be retasked to other lineages. This would be analogous to the process of tissue regeneration observed in some amphibians. Along these lines, reversine has been identified as a compound that induces dedifferentiation of myoblasts to multipotent... 

Tissue-specific cell progenitors Pluripotent and multipotent stem cells Embryonic stem cells ... 

Pluripotent and multipotent stem cells are heterogeneous population. These cells are practically the entire populations of postnatal stem cells [16]. They include HSCs, MSCs, SPs, MAPCs, and UCBDSs. Although they have different phenotypes, some of their characteristics are frequently shared. 

Even though these populations are localized in adult tissues having lineage-commitment and exhibiting limited plasticity and local cell markers, some of these cells are capable of de-differentiating and then becoming multipotent stem cells. 

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