Multiple Plaque

In another study of 45 patients with ACS, the relationship between plaque rupture, CRR and prognosis was investigated with intravascular ultrasound (21). These 45 patients had a first acute myocardial infarction with or without ST segment elevation. Intravascular ultrasound was performed in the patients before any percutaneous coronary intervention and within six hours of symptoms (21). The remaining coronary vasculature was examined within one month. Forty-five culprit arteries and 84 other coronary arteries were examined with intravascular ultrasound. They found that plaque ruptures in 47% of the arteries at the culprit site in the acute phase of the myocardial infarction. In addition, intravascular ultrasound revealed 17 occult plaque ruptures at remote sites in 24% of the patients (21), These findings suggest that some patients with acute myocardial infarctions have multiple plaque ruptures in other coronary arteries and the culprit artery. 

Tanaka A, Shimada K, Sano T et al. Multiple plaque rupture and C-reactive protein in acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005 45 1594-1599. 

MS is a chronic neurologic disease associated w ith demyelin-ation and death of neuronal axons. Multiple plaques or scares form w ithin the CNS resulting in a w ide range of neurological deficits. Because of the role of demyelination in the disease, it is frequently classified w ith autoimmune disorders. Information on the neuroimmunologic aspects of the various types of MS are covered in a previous chapter. 

Leprosy A 58-year-old man with ankylosing spondylitis, receiving infliximab, developed multiple plaques on the face, chest, and limbs, a thickened, tender ulnar nerve, and severe neuritis of the feet biopsy showed lepromatous Hansen s disease [133 ]. In this case the use of infliximab may have resulted in either a new infection or reactivation of a latent infection with Mycobacterium leprae. 

Fluorides. Most woddwide reductions in dental decay can be ascribed to fluoride incorporation into drinking water, dentifrices, and mouth rinses. Numerous mechanisms have been described by which fluoride exerts a beneficial effect. Fluoride either reacts with tooth enamel to reduce its susceptibihty to dissolution in bacterial acids or interferes with the production of acid by bacterial within dental plaque. The multiple modes of action with fluoride may account for its remarkable effectiveness at concentrations far below those necessary with most therapeutic materials. Fluoride release from restorative dental materials foUow the same basic pattern. Fluoride is released in an initial short burst after placement of the material, and decreases rapidly to a low level of constant release. The constant low level release has been postulated to provide tooth protection by incorporation into tooth mineral. 

Multiple sclerosis The 150-kDa calpain specific degradation product of a-spectrin increases 50% in human MS plaques.44 Degradation of the 68-kDa neurofilament protein is inhibited by a synthetic calpain inhibitor45... 

Franklin RJ (2002) Why does remyehnation fail in multiple sclerosis Nat Rev Neurosci 3 705-714 Fratkin JD, Leis AA, Stokic DS, Slavinski SA, Geiss RW (2004) Spinal cord neuropathology in human West Nile virus infection. Arch Pathol Lab Med 128 533-537 Frohman EM, Racke MK, Raine CS (2006) Multiple sclerosis - the plaque and its pathogenesis. N Engl J Med 354 942-955... 

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is variable in terms of symptoms and presentation. The name refers to two features of the disease multiple describes the number of CNS lesions and sclerosis refers to the demyelinated lesions. Today, these lesions are usually called plaques, rather than scleroses. Although scientific understanding of MS has progressed at a rapid pace, there are still many areas of evolving knowledge. 

P Amyloid protein aggregation, leading to formation of plaques / Hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, leading to intracellular NFT development and collapse of microtubules / Inflammatory processes—levels of multiple cytokines and chemokines are elevated in AD brains / Neurovasculature dysfunction / Oxidative stress / Mitochondrial dysfunction... 

Brain lesions that produce depression can be divided into structural and biochemical types. Any disease that produces a mass lesion or deficit in the frontal lobes can cause a depressive syndrome. Typically, occurrence and severity are correlated with proximity to the tip of the frontal lobe rather than to the extent of motor function loss. The most extensively studied lesions are strokes, but tumors and plaques related to multiple sclerosis can both produce similar results. 

Therefore, multiple accelerator heads should be used to provide a plaque of uniform radiation. The fruits will be carried under these beam ports on a moving metal belt. Stainless steel will be a good choice of materials, and water cooling will be necessary. 

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