Multifunctional additives properties

Anorin-38 has also shown an interesting effect as a multifunctional additive (a single additive to replace many of the conventional additives) for natural rubber (NR). It showed excellent blending behavior and compatibility with NR. Aorin-38 enhances the tensile properties and percent elongation, decreases fatigue, acts as an antioxidant and antiozonant, and positively affects many of the other properties, apart from acting as a process aid and a cure enhancer [183-186]. 

Despite the introduction of new, improved methods of refining it has been necessary to enhance the performance of lubricants by the use of additives, either to reinforce existing qualities or to confer additional properties. Once additives were regarded with some suspicion —an oil that needed an additive was necessarily an inferior oil today they are an accepted feature of lubricants. Almost all quality lubricants on sale today contain one or more additives. An enormous range of additives are available for use in lubricants " , some produced by the oil companies and others provided by specialist manufacturers. Additives are usually named after their particular function, but many additives are multifunctional. Thus, an anti-wear additive may also protect a surface against corrosion. The main types of additives that can enhance the anti-corrosion behaviour of lubricants are listed in Table 2.22. 

Barium metaborate is a truly multifunctional additive which inhibits corrosion, increases UV stability, inhibits mold growth, and has flame retarding properties when used in combination with halogenated materials. The commercial product of Buckman Laboratories is a modified product which contains 90% of active ingredient. 

The properties of composite yams differ according to the arrangement of their materials and the combination of the properties of the different yams used. They are typically used where high mechanical performance or multifunctional performance is necessary. In a composite yam, the core filaments contribute the most to the mechanical performance and cover staple fibre or filament yams contribute least. The cover staple fibre or filament yams provide any additional properties such as skin-friendly surface, surface insulation, good handle, etc. ... 

In summary, despite the addition of nano-sized particles that would potentially confer multifunctional enabling properties to these biodegradable polymers for several industrial applications, until now very few works have dealt with the investigation of the real impact of nanoparticles on biopolymer degradation rate and mechanism. 

An example of using one predicted property to predict another is predicting the adsorption of chemicals in soil. This is usually done by first predicting an octanol water partition coelficient and then using an equation that relates this to soil adsorption. This type of property-property relationship is most reliable for monofunctional compounds. Structure-property relationships, and to a lesser extent group additivity methods, are more reliable for multifunctional compounds than this type of relationship. 

In addition to their role in composites, high performance fibers are also found in coated and laminated textile products, three-dimensional fabric stmctures, multifunctional property improvement, and intelligent or self-adaptive materials. 

PVC, another widely used polymer for wire and cable insulation, crosslinks under irradiation in an inert atmosphere. When irradiated in air, scission predominates.To make cross-linking dominant, multifunctional monomers, such as trifunctional acrylates and methacrylates, must be added. Fluoropolymers, such as copol5miers of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), are widely used in wire and cable insulations. They are relatively easy to process and have excellent chemical and thermal resistance, but tend to creep, crack, and possess low mechanical stress at temperatures near their melting points. Radiation has been found to improve their mechanical properties and crack resistance. Ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) has also been used for wire and cable insulation. When blended with thermoplastic polyefins, such as low density polyethylene (LDPE), its processibility improves significantly. The typical addition of LDPE is 10%. Ethylene propylene copolymers and terpolymers with high PE content can be cross-linked by irradiation. ... 

Hydraulic Fluids and Lubricants. The use of borate esters in hydraulic fluids (qv) and lubricants (see Lubrication and lubricants) has been described in numerous patents (40,43,44). A variety of borate esters have been described that can be used as multifunctional lubricant additives having antiwear and antifriction properties (45). 

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