Mucosal disinfection

Mucosal disinfection Germ counts can be reduced by PVP iodine or chlor-hexidine (contact time 2 min), although not as effectively as on skin. 

Topical Application Substances with a saturated solution of potassium iodine are used for topical application to skin or mucosal surfaces. IIH has been repeatedly mentioned in case reports, when iodine-containing disinfections were applied to open wounds or for intraperitoneal lavage (Mumenthaler and Aeberhard, 1982 Share and Frey, 1980). 

Owing to their compatibility with cationic biocides, amphoteric and amine oxide surfactants continue to be used widely in the development and formulation of disinfectants and sanitizers for personal care, household, industrial, and institutional markets. For instance, substituted imidazoline amphoteric surfactants, in combination with didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, have been found to display unexpected synergistic irritation reduction compared to formulas with alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chlorides [57]. Also, imidazoline derivatives and betaines are known to impart moderate cleansing without causing skin roughness, stickiness, or irritating reactions with cationic disinfectants [58], Amphoteric surfactants are also suitable for use in antimicrobial medications requiring subcutaneous, cutaneous, or mucosal membrane administration [36]. 

Respiratory In two patients glutaraldehyde caused supraglottitis and laryngitis because of acute mucosal injury after its use to disinfect an endoscope in which perforation of the lining allowed glutaraldehyde to be retained after disinfection [7 ]. 

Chlorine dioxide is a mucosal irritant acute exposure can cause eye, nasal, throat, and lung irritation. Prolonged exposure can cause bronchitis, reactive airways disease and pulmonary edema. Its health effects are not cumulative. Chlorite is one of its disinfection byproducts can be capable of inducing hemolytic anemia and methemoglobinemia also commonly associated with oxidative stress. 

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