Mucopolysaccharides sulfated

No use has yet been reported of enzymic desulfation in the study of heparin, Enzyme.s are known which will otTect the hydrolysis of mucopolysaccharide sulfate groups see K. S. Dodgson and B. Spencer, Biochem. J. (London), 53, iv (1953). 

Histochemical methods will not differentiate between the isomeric chondroitin sulfates, and identification with any degree of certainty requires isolation of the mucopolysaccharide. A method has been reported (M8) that differentiates mucopolysaccharides sulfated at C-6 from other sulfated mucopolysaccharides, and depends on application of the Mor-gan-Elson reaction to the oligosaccharides released by the action of testicular hyaluronidase. It is well known that substitution at C-6 does not interfere with the Morgan-Elson determination of A -acetylhexo-samines, whereas the chromogens are not formed in significant amount if C-4 is substituted. 

M31. Meezan, E., and Davidson, E. A., Mucopolysaccharide sulfation in chick embryo cartilage. I. Properties of the sulfation system. J. Biol. Chem. 242, 1685-1689 (1967). 

Metabolic Functions. Manganese is essential for normal body stmcture, reproduction, normal functioning of the central nervous system, and activation of numerous enzymes (126). Synthesis of the mucopolysaccharide chondroitin sulfate involves a series of reactions where manganese is required in at least five steps (127). These reactions are responsible for formation of polysaccharides and linkage between the polysaccharide and proteins that form... 

Heparin (from pig intestinal mucosa) [9005-49-6] Mr -3,000, amorphous, [a]p - + 55° (H2O). Most likely contaminants are mucopolysaccharides including heparin sulfate and dermatan sulfate. Purified by pptn with cetylpyridinium chloride from saturated solutions of high ionic strength. [Cifonelli and Roden Biochem Prep 12 12 1968.]... 

Hyaluronic Add Sulfate.—Meyer and Chaffee108 showed that this mucopolysaccharide of the cornea was a true derivative of hyaluronic acid, since it could be hydrolyzed enzymically by what is now known as hyaluronidase. ... 

The dermis contains several types of cells, including fibroblasts, fat cells, macrophages, histiocytes, mast cells, and cells associated with the blood vessels and nerves of the skin. The predominant cell is the fibroblast, which is associated with biosynthesis of the fibrous proteins and ground substances such as hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfates, and mucopolysaccharides. 

Heparin (heparin sodium) is a mixture of highly electronegative acidic mucopolysaccharides that contain numerous N- and O-sulfate linkages. It is produced by and can be released from mast cells and is abundant in liver, lungs, and intestines. 

The single most important dmg molecule based on a carbohydrate stmcture is heparin. Heparin is a heterogeneous mixture of sulfated mucopolysaccharides it is composed of... 

The charge neutralizing theory of calcification suggests a fundamental role of organic anions, e. g. sulfated mucopolysaccharides, in regulating bone formation and in retardation of atherosclerosis328). 

While esters of sulfuric acid do not play as central a role in metabolism as do phosphate esters, they occur widely. Both oxygen esters (R-0-S03 , often referred to as O-sulfates) and derivatives of sulfamic acid (R-NH-SOg, N-suIfates) are found, the latter occurring in mucopolysaccharides such as heparin. Sulfate esters of mucopolysaccharides and of steroids are ubiquitous and sulfation is the most abundant known modification of tyrosine side chains. Choline sulfate and ascorbic acid 2-sulfate are also found in cells. Sulfate esters of phenols and many other organic sulfates are present in urine. 

Manganese is essential for the synthesis of chondroitin sulfate, a mucopolysaccharide which is an important component of bone cartilage. Manganese is also required to activate enzymes involved in the synthesis of polysaccharides and... 

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