Mouth mouthwash solution

Mouthwashes need not be made iso-osmotic. But strongly hyperosmotic solutions may hurt in case of lesions in the mouth. Sorbitol solution, because of its viscosity sometimes used as vehicle for suspensions, is strongly hyperosmotic. For patients with lesions a formulation sometimes has to be adapted. For instance many chlorhexidine mouthwashes contain sorbitol as a flavouring and ethanol as preservative. In the following adapted version both are omitted (Table 7.3). 

Mouthwashes are aqueous concentrated solutions containing one or more active ingredients and excipients. They are used by swishing the liquid in the oral cavity. Approximately 15-30 ml. of mouthwash are used for single mouthful of rinse for about a minute. Mouthwashes can be used for therapeutic and cosmetic purpose. Therapeutic mouthwashes are used to reduce plaque, dental caries, gingivitis and stomatitis while cosmetic mouthwashes are used to reduce bad breath and it contains used antimicrobial and/or flavoring agent. Mouthwashes other than used for cosmetic purpose, should only be used under the direction of physician/dentist since it contains certain medicines. 

Hexetidine is used as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics and nonparenteral pharmaceutical formulations. Therapeutically, hexetidine is mainly used as a 0.1% w/v solution in mouthwash formulations for the prevention and treatment of minor local infections, gingivitis, and mouth ulcers. 

Sodium borate is used in pharmaceutical applications similarly to boric acid (see Boric Acid). It has been used externally as a mild astringent and as an emulsifying agent in creams. It has also been used in lozenges, mouthwashes, otic preparations (0.3% w/v), and ophthalmic solutions (0.03-1.0% w/v). Sodium borate has additionally been investigated in the prevention of crystal formation in freeze-dried solutions. Preparations of sodium borate in honey have historically been used as paints for the throat, tongue, and mouth, but such use is now inadvisable because of concerns about toxicity in such applications, see Section 14. Sodium borate is also used in cosmetics such as moisturizers, deodorants, and shampoos. 

Uses topical quaternary ammonium antiseptic agent in ophthalmic preparations, skin disinfectants, cosmetics, deodorants, mouthwashes, dentifrices, sterilization solutions, lozenges, and solutions for contact lenses in medications for the relief of symptoms of burns, scalds, cuts and local inflammation of the skin and mouth infant teething. Denture discomfort and sore gums are uses for the oral gel. Wipes are used for irritations around the anus Cross cetrimoniumbromide, benzethoniumchloride. ABCD... 

The microbiological aspects of hydrogels are comparable with those of aqueous solutions. So the same principles as for mouthwashes hold in mouth gels. 

Cationic surfactants. Cationic surfactants, frequently belonging to alkylpyridinum, alkyl-benzyldimethylammonium and trimethylammonium types, are conunonly determined in skin care cosmetics and hair and mouth formulations, using reversed-phase LC with UV, conductivity or RI detection. Thus, Benassi et al. (1989) developed a method to analyse cetylpyridinium chloride and alkylbenzyldimethyl chloride in cosmetic products (mouthwashes, dental products. ..) by reversed-phase LC. The necessary chromatographic conditions comprise a deactivated bonded-phase column and an acetonitrile/aqueous phosphate in acid pH solution as a mobile phase. LC analysis of multicomponent het-erophasic matrixes, such as cosmetic products, drugs and foods, has been studied by Bettero et al. (1990). Ci2 i6 alkylbenzyldimethylammonium homologues were separated using UV detection after dilution in a tetrahydrofuran water solution. 

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