Morphine Apomorphine hydrochloride

To identify the presence of undesirable specific organic compounds present as impurities in a number of pharmaceutical substances, namely morphine in apomorphine hydrochloride hydrazine in carbidopa 3-aminopropanol in dexampanthenol etc.,... 

Procedure Prepare the chromatogrphic tank by lining the walls with sheets of filter paper pour the mobile-phase into the tank, saturating the filter paper in the process, to a depth of 5 to 10 mm, close the tank and allow it to stand at 20° to 25 °C for 1 hour for equilibration of the mobile-phase in the chromatank. Apply separately to the TLC plate 5 (il of each of two solutions (1) and (2) of apomorphine hydrochloride and (3) of morphine in the form of circular spots about 2 to 6 mm in diameter, and 15 to 20 mm from one end of the plate and not nearer than 10 mm to the sides the two spots must be at least 10 mm apart. Mark the sides of the plate 15 cm from the line of application. Allow the solvent to evaporate and place in the chromatank,... 

Apomorphine hydrochloride (44 Apokyn ) Morphine (43) Alkaloid Semi-synthetic NP Plant Parkinson s disease Potent dopamine receptor agonist 403 16... 

Apomorphine hydrochloride (44 Apokyn Bertek, 2004), is a semisynthetic derivative of opium alkaloid morphine (43) isolated from poppy (Papaver somniferum), and it has long been known for its erectile activity at the effective dose of 2-6 mg physicians discovered the effect over 100 years ago, but found the drug, at a much higher dose (ca. 200 mg), to be more suitable for poison victims as an emetic because it also causes serious nausea and vomiting. Apomorphine exerts its erectile effect at the central nervous system the drug has been found to be a non-selective dopamine agonist which activates both Di-like and D2-like... 

Apomorphine hydrochloride (Figure 44.2), an alkaloid obtained in the laboratory by rearrangements within the morphine molecule, is a grayish-white, glistening, light-sensitive, and air-sensitive crystalline powder, soluble in both water and alcohol in the proportions of about 1 50 it is available in small amounts in bulk and more easily as 5 mg (1/12 grain) tablets. 

Apomorphine Hydrochloride, USP. When morphine or morphine hydrochloride is heated at 140° under pressure u ilh strong (.35%) hydrochlorie aeid. it loses a molecule of water and yields a eompound known as apomorphine. 

Apomorphine hydrochloride is a synthetic alkaloidal salt obtained by heating morphine with concentrated hydrochloric acid under pressure. It is unstable in solution in the absence of hydrochloric acid. 

A patent has been published that covers the rearrangement of ethers of morphine and N-alkyl-normorphines to the corresponding derivatives of apomorphine and N-alkyl-norapomorphines by phosphoric acid at 125— 140 lO-Oxomorphine has been isolated as an oxidation production from solutions of morphine hydrochloride/ and morphine has been shown to be converted into morphine N-oxide and normorphine by guinea-pig liver microsomal preparations, which convert codeine, under similar conditions, into codeine AT-oxide, norcodeine, morphine, and normorphine/ ... 

A-lkaloids have long been used for formaldehA cle detection and are reported to have a high degree of sensiti uty. Fomialdelu-de. solutions giA e a purple coloration with morphine hydrochloride in tire presence of. sulfuric y convenient procedure is to add a few drops of i per cent morphine hydrochloride to a test tube containing the dilute sample, then form an underlayer of sulfuric acid. A characteristic iolet blue ring forms when the sample contains formaldehyde . Codeine and apomorphine give similar reactions. 

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