Monofilament wovens

The reinforcing ply of laminates may be a woven fabric scrim, a nonwoven web of polymer monofilaments, or a mat of fibers. One of the most common reinforcements in use is also one of the oldest, ordinary cellulose fiber paper. 

Other reinforcements that may be used in the substrate layers of decorative laminates and throughout the stmcture of industrial laminates are woven fabrics of glass or canvas and nonwoven fabrics of various polymeric monofilaments such as polyester, nylon, or carbon fibers. Woven and nonwoven fabrics tend to be much stronger than paper and have much more uniform strength throughout the x—y plane. They greatly enhance properties of laminates such as impact and tear strength. 

All these weaves may be made from any textile fiber, natural or synthetic. They may be woven from spun staple yarns, multifilament continuous yarns, or monofilament yarns. The performance of the filter cloth depends on the weave and the type of yarn. 

From the viewpoint of accommodation to the filter-supporting structure, some cloths cannot be used, even though the filtering characteristics are excellent. For rotary drum filters, for example, the cloth is pressed onto the drum by the caulking method, which uses cords that pass over the drum. In this case, the closely woven cloths manufactured from monofilament polyethylene or polypropylene fiber are less desirable than more flexible cloths of polyfilament fibers or staple cloths. 

The good hydrolytic stability of PCT-based polymers leads to applications for monofilament in paper machine belts. Monofilament is extruded from high-molecular-weight polymer, drawn and crystallized, and then woven into a screen. Such belts are found in the drying sections of paper machines, where there is a combination of high moisture and high temperature. Because of their hydrolytic stability, PCT-based polymers provide much longer service life in this application than PET-based materials. 

Other potential applications of PTT are in monofilaments, non-wovens, films, engineering thermoplastics and molded goods. Hsu [80] has patented paper forming fabrics made with PTT monofilaments for use in papermaking machines because this combines the chemical resistance of a polyester and the resiliency... 

PP monofilaments have found broad application in cordage and fishing nets (which float), and if highly stabilized they are woven into fabrics used for outdoor furniture, tarpaulins, and similar applications. Large filament denier staple is used widely in indoor-outdoor carpets. Also, staple fibers have found major applications in tufted indoor carpets and nonwovens used for diaper, filtration, and civil engineering fabrics. 

Fabrics are divided into three different types of yams monofilament, multifilament, and spun. They can be composed of more than one of these types of bric. Monofilaments are composed of single strands woven together to form a translucent or opaque febric. Very smooth in appearance, its weave is conducive to eliminating blinding problems. 

Woven fabrics are usually made with natural or synthetic fibers from three different types of yams monofilament, multifilament, and spun staple, as shown in Figure 22.65. Performances of these three types of yams are shown in Table 22.12. 

These polyesters disintegrate in compost after six weeks. Their application includes films for compostable trash or shopping bags lamination of paper, magnetic cards, cloth-adhesive tape sheets for thermoforming, extmsion-forming monofilament for fishing lines, woven nets and ropes ... 

Actually, the data to be described in this paper are not primarily designed to monitor surface damage directly rather the influence that this damage has on the static friction of monofilament contacts. The acquisition of these data are an intrinsic part of an attempt to model the mechanical properties of non-woven monofilament assemblies. An assembly of this type accommodates a macroscopic strain by two means which involve internal motion in an element of monofilament which is strained locally by at least two contacts with adjacent monofilaments. The element may distort between fixed contact points. At high strains, however, the stresses on the contact points induce relative motion between monofilaments the critical stress is produced by the friction at the point contact. 

Figure 8.8 is the common method, which is clear for expression of the formulation of the curvature radius and undulation of the fibre in the textile structure, but it is not detailed enough compared to the observed properties of textile structures. Fibre sections are not perfectly circular as supposed in the schematic. They contain many irregularities. For a sample made from POFs, the fabric thickness h is smaller than the period of the POF crossing p, because the POF is a monofilament and harder than normal synthetic fibres. Therefore, the following equation is more adapted to woven OFs (Masuda et al., 2006) ... 

Types E and S glass are available as monofilaments, as roving (a series of parallel, untwisted glass strands, each strand composed of glass filaments), or as woven fabrics. These products are highly developed and are available with special finishes to ensure compatibility with various matrix resins. 

Figure 4.2 Structural variations in textiles, yams, and fibers (a) woven denim fabric 60 x, (b) knitted jersey 60 x, (c) chenille yam 57 x, (d) high-twist yam 56 x, (e) wool fiber 210 x, and (f) polyamide monofilament 210 x.

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