Monodisperse protein

The translational diffusion coefficient in Eq. 11 can in principle be measured from boimdary spreading as manifested for example in the width of the g (s) profiles although for monodisperse proteins this works well, for polysaccharides interpretation is seriously complicated by broadening through polydispersity. Instead special cells can be used which allow for the formation of an artificial boundary whose diffusion can be recorded with time at low speed ( 3000 rev/min). This procedure has been successfully employed for example in a recent study on heparin fractions [5]. Dynamic fight scattering has been used as a popular alternative, and a good demonstra-... 

As the next step, suitable sample conditions have to be found which maximize the protein s solubility and stability in order to prepare samples that are stable for several weeks, allowing the spectroscopist to collect all necessary spectra without having to prepare a new sample after each experiment. In particular, if aggregation has been detected, solution conditions have to be screened to produce a monodispersed protein solution. The most elegant way to screen many different solution conditions with a minimum amount of protein is the use of either the microdialysis button [9] or the microdrop screen [10, 11]. In these screens, small amounts (1-5 pL) of concentrated protein solutions are... 

Note Mn and are determined by osmotic pressure and light scattering respectively. The ratio of differentiates die monodisperse protein versus the... 

This type of separation is extremely useful for any kind of complex samples that are difficult to separate, identify comprehensively, or fully deformtjlate. This is most often the case for synthetic, natural, and biopolymers (monodisperse proteins are one well-known exception), which possess coexisting mtdtiple property... 

Polymer populations in which all chains have identical masses are termed monodisperse. Proteins and DNA of the same type are necessarily monodisperse, as they are coded for precise monomer sequences. In general, however, polymer populations contain a wide distribution of masses. Such populations are termed polydisperse. While most synthetically produced polymers are polydisperse, many biopolymers are also produced in polydisperse populations for example, a variety of polysaccharides, glycoproteins, etc. 

TSK-GEL PW type columns are commonly used for the separation of synthetic water-soluble polymers because they exhibit a much larger separation range, better linearity of calibration curves, and much lower adsorption effects than TSK-GEL SW columns (10). While TSK-GEL SW columns are suitable for separating monodisperse biopolymers, such as proteins, TSK-GEL PW columns are recommended for separating polydisperse compounds, such as polysaccharides and synthetic polymers. 

Recombinant DNA technology can also be used to design genes that encode for proteins with desired features [34]. The gene can be incorporated into a plasmid, which is then used to transform a bacterial host such as Escherichia coli. Finally, the production of the desired amino acid polymer is performed by the host with a precisely defined sequence and near absolute monodispersity [29, 35]. 

The conceptual idea of a theoretical plate can be used in SEC to measure column efficiency and to compare the performance of packed coluians. For column comparisons it is usually measured with small molecules, such as toluene, acetone or benzyl alcohol, which can explore all of the pores of the packing (K jc - 1). Plate counts measured in this way produce HETP values lower than the actual values measured with monodisperse polymers and proteins. The plate count in this case can be expressed by equation (4.40)... 

Hatch, R. G., Very-high-speed anion-exchange chromatography of proteins using monodisperse nonporous polymer particles, /. Chromatogr. Sci., 31, 469 1993. 

Kreuter and Speiser [77] developed a dispersion polymerization producing adjuvant nanospheres of polymethylmethacrylate) (PMMA). The monomer is dissolved in phosphate buffered saline and initiated by gamma radiation in the presence and absence of influenza virions. These systems showed enhanced adjuvant effect over aluminum hydroxide and prolonged antibody response. PMMA particles could be distinguished by TEM studies and the particle size was reported elsewhere to be 130 nm by photon correlation spectroscopy [75], The particle size could be reduced, producing monodisperse particles by inclusion of protective colloids, such as proteins or casein [40], Poly(methylmethacrylate) nanoparticles are also prepared... 

Proteins and nucleic acids are structure controlled monodispersed compounds that typically exhibit narrow bands as analytes on gels. Synthetic polymers, on... 

In summary, dendrimers are a unique class of monodispersed synthetic molecules reminiscent of proteins or nucleic acids. If they can be functionalized to be soluble in water with appropriately charged terminal groups, they are generally ideal candidates for gel electrophoretic analyses. 

It is widely recognized that dendrimers are the first synthetic structure controlled polymers that rival the control and monodispersity observed for proteins. Their precise masses and behavior as analytes on electrophoretic gels demonstrate the contention that dendrimers (i.e. specifically poly(amidoamines)) may be viewed as artificial proteins . 

Each specific protein molecule has a specific chain length, like classical small molecules, and is said to be monodisperse with respect to chain length or molecular weight. However, most synthetic commercial polymers such as HDPE are composed of molecules of different lengths. Thus, the numerical value for the number of repeat units, n, or the degree of... 

The many different monodisperse polymers of amino acids, which are essential components of plants and animals, are called proteins. This word is derived from the Greek porteios meaning of chief importance. The 20 different alpha-amino acids are joined together by peptide linkages (Table 10.1). 

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