Monocotyledonous

Vegetable fibers are classified according to their source ia plants as follows (/) the bast or stem fibers, which form the fibrous bundles ia the inner bark (phloem or bast) of the plant stems, are often referred to as soft fibers for textile use (2) the leaf fibers, which mn lengthwise through the leaves of monocotyledonous plants, are also referred to as hard fibers and (J) the seed-hair fibers, the source of cotton (qv), are the most important vegetable fiber. There are over 250,000 species of higher plants however, only a very limited number of species have been exploited for commercial uses (less than 0.1%). The commercially important fibers are given ia Table 1 (1,2). 

The long leaf fibers contribute strength to the leaves of certain nonwoody, monocotyledonous plants. They extend longitudinally the hiU length of the leaf and are buried in tissues of a parenchymatous nature. The fibers found nearest the leaf surface are the strongest. The fibers are separated from the pulp tissue by scraping because there is Htde bonding between fiber and pulp this operation is called decortication. Leaf fiber strands are also multiceUed in stmcture. 

Only traces of mannose occur in the hydrolysates of some monocotyledon stems (7,9) although glucomannans occur in the tubers and leaves of some monocotyledon species (72). 

Fig. 3. The scheme of the precipitates formed by the crude protein extracts of plants of the groups monocotyledons (1-11, table 1) and dicotyledons (12-23 table 1) with antibodies against wheat chitin-binding proteins (I) and with antibodies against wheat anionic PO (H).

Under natural conditions. Agrobacterium does not appear to infect monocotyledonous plants. Genetic manipulation of cereal crops using a Ti-plasmid delivered by Agrobacterium therefore seems out of the question. However, there are some data to suggest that Agrobacterium can, under certain circumstances, infect monocots, but that it does not cause... 

Hooykaas-van Slogteren, G.M.S., Hooykaas, P.J.J. Schilperoort, R.A. (1984). Expression of Ti plasmid genes in monocotyledonous plants infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Nature, 311, 763-4. 

Cutler, D. E. 1969. Anatomy of the Monocotyledons. IV. Juncales. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 

Hitchcock, C. L., Cronquist, A., Ownbey, M., and Thompson, J. W. 1969. Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest. Part I. Vascular Cryptograms, Gymnosperms, and Monocotyledons. University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA. 

Despite increased citrate accumulation in roots of Zn-deficient rice plants, root exudation of citrate was not enhanced. However, in distinct adapted rice cultivars, enhanced release of citrate could be observed in the presence of high bicarbonate concentrations in the rooting medium, a stress factor, which is frequently associated with Fe and Zn deficiency in calcareous soils (235) (Hajibo-huid, unpublished). This bicarbonate-induced citrate exudation has been related to improved Zn acquisition in bicarbonate-tolerant and Zn-efficient rice genotypes (Fig. 9) (23S). Increased exudation of sugars, amino acids, and phenolic compounds in response to Zn deficiency has been reported for various dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plant species and seems to be related to increased... 

Another limitation to the studies in Table 1 is the small number of plant species tested. Primarily monocotyledonous plants have been studied, although McClure et al. (26) found ferulic acid inhibitory in soybean. The restriction of studies to monocots is probably because the mechanism of mineral absorption has been more fully elucidated with monocots. Harper and Balke (32) reported some minor differences in the inhibition of K+ absorption by salicylic acid among oats (Avena sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestlvum L.), barley, and maize roots. 

Yeo, The Families of the Monocotyledons. Structure Evolution and Taxonomy, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1985. 

Dicotyledons and Non-grass Monocotyledons (Strategy I) - Ferrous Iron Transport... 

I The distinction between mono-and dicotyledonous plants is quite simple monocotyledons are flowering plants which have only one seed leaf, and usually have parallel-veined leaves, flower parts in multiples of three, and no secondary growth in stems and roots, whereas dicotyledons are flowering plants with two seed leaves (cotyledons), net-veined leaves, flower parts in fours and fives, and in woody plants have cambium, a layer of formative cells between the wood and the bark the cells increase by division and differentiate to form new wood and bark. 

The objective of this paper was to investigate the anticlastogenic and antitoxic effects exerted by HS of various origin and nature on several monocotyledon and dicotyledon herbaceous plant species treated with different mutagenic and phytotoxic compounds. 

In monocotyledonous plants, including all the cereals, storage proteins are found mainly in the endosperm. The major storage compounds are carbohydrates rather... 

Neurnann D, Schwieger W, Lichtenberger O. Accumulation of silicon in the monocotyledons Deschampsia caespitosa, Festuca lemanii and Schoenus nigricans. Plant Biol 1999 1 290-298. 

Mono-COT compounds, 25 441 Monocots, fibers from, 27 18 Monocotyledonous grains, 26 267 Monocryl sutures, 24 222 Monocyclic monoterpenoid alcohols,... 

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