Monoclonal single-chain

CP coat protein CtxB cholera toxin B subunit scFv single chain Fv antibody fragment TMOF trypsin modulating oostatic factor MAB monoclonal antibody GFP green fluorescent protein CPV Canine parvovirus BHV Bovine herpes virus FMDV Foot and mouth disease virus HCV Hepatitis C virus HRV Human rhino Virus MEV Mink enteritis virus MHV Murine hepatitis virus MV Measles virus RSV Respiratory syncytial virus... 

The total cDNA construct of NPN43C9 was expressed efficiently in E. coli cells and protein purified, and its catalytic properties were assessed in both the monoclonal antibody and the single-chain antibody (scFv) 7A4-1/212 for the hydrolysis of p-nitroanilide [50] and the related p-chlorophenyl ester [51a] (Fig. 19). Virtually identical kca, and Km values were obtained for both 7A4-1/212 and NPN43C9. This activity was decreased in both cases by the addition of the inhibitor w-nitroanilide [52], which gave K = 800 p.M and 400 pM for the NPN43C9 and 7A4-1/212, respectively. 

Milenic, D.E., Yokota, T., Filpula, D.R., Finkelman, M.A., Dodd, S.W., Wood, J.F. et al. (1991) Construction, binding properties, metabolism, and tumor targeting of a single-chain Fv derived from the pancarcinoma monoclonal antibody CC49. Cancer Res., 51, 6363-6371. 

Fig. 3.4 Modes of action of monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy. scFv single-chain Fv fragment. (Reproduced from Carter, P. 2001. Improving the efficacy of antibody-based cancer therapies. Nat. Rev. Cancer1 118-129).

As to cryoglobulins, both type I (single component or 1 isotype or subclass of immunoglobulin, or, rarely, a monoclonal light chain) and type II (mixed cryoglobulins with monoclonal IgM as antibody and IgG as antigen) may be present. Nearly 10% of all WM molecules are cryoprecipitable (Kl). Infiltration of bone marrow by tumor cells can result in severe anemia. 

Affinity selection is by far the most important application of phage display (for practical reviews, see [4, 5]). Libraries of phage-displayed peptides are now commonly used to select peptides that bind to receptors or enzymes of therapeutic interest. The technology is also very powerful for the discovery of new monoclonal antibodies from collections of phages displayed single chain Fv or Fab fragments. 

M., Addition of an extra immunoglobulin domain to two anti-rodent TNF monoclonal antibodies substantially increased their potency. Mol. Immunol. 41, 73-80, 2004 Adams, G.P., Tai, M.S., McCartney, J.E. et al.. Avidity-mediated enhancement of in vivo tumor targeting by single-chain Fv dimers, Clin. Cancer Res. 12, 1599-1605, 2006. 

Table 7 lists S-100-positive tumors and their positivity with additional markers. Myelin basic protein (MBP) (30) is a single-chain polypeptide associated with the central and peripheral nervous system. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament proteins (NFP) are intermediate filaments associated with glial cells and neural cells, respectively. HMB-45 is a mouse monoclonal antibody that reacts with an antigen present in premelanosomes. It is highly sensitive and specific for melanomas and certain nevi (junctional, congenital, blue nevi). EMA has been discussed in Section 3.1.3.1. 

Vandamme, A. Dewerchin, M. Lijnen, R. Bernar, H. Bulens, F. Nelles, L. Collen, D. Characterization of a recombinant chimeric plasminogen activator composed of a fibrin fragment-D-dimer-specific humanized monoclonal antibody and a truncatred single-chain urokinase. Eur. J. Biochem. 1992, 205, 139-146. 

Davda JP, Jain M, Batra SK, Gwilt PR, Robinson DH. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to characterize and predict the disposition of monoclonal antibody CC49 and its single chain Fv constructs. Int Immunopharmacol. 2008 8(3) 401-413. 

Rowlinson-Busza, G., Deonarain, M. P., and Epenetos, A. A. (1996) Comparison of intact monoclonal antibody, its F(ab )2 and Fab fragments and recombinant single chain Fv in a human tumour xenograft model. Tumour Targeting 2,37 48. 

Icon Interferon-a, / , somatotropin Restriction enzyme Single-chain antibodies Monoclonal antibodies Antigens, Glucocerebrosi-dase, Thaumatin. Albumin DNAse, RNAse inhibitor, Insulin 142-145... 

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