Mono suberate

Modification of Amines with Mono(lactosylamido) mono(succinimidyl)suberate... 

The following protocol describes the modification of a protein with mono(lactosylamido) mono(succinimidyl)suberate. The reagent is available from Thermo Fisher. The use of this reagent to couple to amine-containing surfaces, such as polystyrene beads, also has been done using similar reaction conditions (Vetter et al., 1995). 

Dissolve mono(lactosylamido) mono(succinimidyl)suberate in dry DMF to prepare a concentrated solution from which an aliquot may be taken and added to a final aqueous reaction medium. The compound is extremely soluble in DMF, and solutions of 100 mg/ ml may be prepared. The use of dry solvent is essential to prevent hydrolysis of the NHS ester. However, make only enough of this stock solution so that a small amount added to the protein reaction will provide the appropriate molar excess desired for the modification reaction. 

With mixing, add a quantity of the mono(lactosylamido) mono(succinimidyl)suberate in dry DMF to the protein solution to result in a 10-20 fold molar excess of reagent over the amount of protein present. Depending on the desired application for the lactosyl-modified protein, several different molar ratios of reactant-to-protein may have to be tried to optimize the resulting modification level. 

Dissolve mono(lactosylamido) mono(succinimidyl)suberate in dry DMF to prepare a concentrated stock solution. The compound is extremely soluble in DMF, and solutions of lOOmg/ml may be prepared. 

Di-amino Di-hydroxy Suberic Acid, C8H16N2O6 Di-amino Tri-hydroxy Dodecanoic Acid, C12H26N2O5 These two amino acids can be given by name and empirical formula only, as their full constitution is unknown. The first is a derivative of the eight carbon di-basic acid known as suberic acid, HOOC—(CH2)6— COOH. The second is derived from the twelve carbon mono-basic acid, dodecanoic acid CH3(CH2)io—COOH. 

Long chain alkyl esters of ferulic acid are common constituents in the family. From the seeds of Hyoscyamus niger even a diester, 1,24-tetracosanediol diferulate could be isolated (Ma et al. 2002). Solanum tuberosum started to accumulate long chain alkyl (mono)esters three to seven days after wound treatment. The alcohol components ranged from hexadecyl (Cj Hjj) to octacosyl (C gHj,) all even numbers plus two esters of odd chain length alkanols [nonadecyl (Cj Hj ), heneicosyl (C jH j)]. The major metabolites were represented by hexadecyl and octadecyl ferulates. The authors suppose that the formation of all these ferulates is temporally and spatially correlated with suberin formation since they were restricted to the wound periderm (Bernards and Lewis 1992). For a coherent account of suberin chemistry interested readers are directed to a review on the macromolecular aromatic domain in suberized tissues (Bernards and Lewis 1998). 

Formation of lead soaps appears to be the mechanism by which lead-based paints inhibit corrosion of clean steel. When formulated with linseed oil, lead reacts with components of the oil to form soaps in the cured film in the presence of water and oxygen, these soaps degrade to, among other things, salts of a variety of mono- and di-basic aliphatic acids. The lead salts of azelaic, suberic, and pelargonic acid act as corrosion inhibitors lead azelate is of particular importance in LBP. These acids may inhibit corrosion by bringing about the formation of insoluble ferric salts, which reinforce the metal s oxide film until it becomes impermeable to ferrous ions, thus suppressing the corrosion mechanism. 

Chemically, c. consists (30-50%) of hydroxy- and dibasic fatty acids, which are linked together by lactone and ester groups to form a polymer of complex structure called suberin. Main acids are phel-lonic acid (C22 mono hydroxy) or phloionic acid (Ci8 dihydroxy) and other more hydroxylated or unsaturated acids as well as dibasic acids (- suberic acid). Other components are - lignin (13-18%), - waxes (5-15%) and - tannins. 

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