Research monkeys

Pulp reaction to a polycarboxylate cement in monkeys. Journal of Dental Research, 53, 15-19. 

Laughlin NK University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wl Rhesus monkey and determine if the presence of lead stored in bones affects the mobilization of Ca from bone National Center For Research Resources... 

Dimethylarsinic acid is the major metabolite of orally administered arsenic trioxide, and is excreted rapidly in the urine (Yamauchi and Yamamura 1985). The methylation process is true detoxification, since methanearsonates and cacodylates are about 200 times less toxic than sodium arsenite (NAS 1977). The marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus), unlike all other animal species studied to date, was not able (for unknown reasons) to metabolize administered As+5 to demethylarsinic acid most was reduced to As+3. Only 20% of the total dose was excreted in urine as unchanged As+5, and another 20% as As+3. The rest was bound to tissues, giving distribution patterns similar to arsenite (Vahter and Marafante 1985). Accordingly, the marmoset, like the rat, may be unsuitable for research with arsenicals. 

Fig. 9.5. Protection by SERMs against atherosclerosis has been researched in animals. In a model of ovariectomized rabbits, raloxifene reduced the cholesterol content in the inner part of the aorta more than placebo did (upper panel). This effect was more intense in animals treated with estradiol (Bjarnason et al. 1997). In contrast, in a different model of oophorectomized monkeys (lower panel), estradiol, and not raloxifene at two different dosages, significantly decreased the size of atherosclerotic plaques (Clarkson et al. 1998)...

While the research described above suggested that the monkey was the species that yielded the most predictive correlations from which to predict human VD, Caldwell et al. have conducted a similar analysis and showed that VD data obtained in the rat yielded a predictive correlation [12]. In their approach, simply by multiplying the measured rat VDSS value by a factor of 188 yields a prediction for human (in units of volume that are not corrected for body weight) or by a factor of 0.67 when values are corrected for body weight. The approach yielded a mean-fold error of 1.85, which is a comparable level of error as other in vivo methods. 

Boon, M. (2003) Goeldi s monkeys (Callimico goeldii) olfactory enrichment to stimulate natural behaviour and greater activity. In T. Gilbert (Ed.), Proceedings of the 5thAnnual Symposium on Zoo Research, Marwell Zoo, pp. 212-224. 

Hardy, J.C., I.J.Sharman, and D.O.Chanter. 1989a. Assessment of cardiac sensitisation potential in dogs and monkeys. Comparison of I-141b and FI 1. PWT 86/89437, Huntingdon Research Centre Ltd., Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, England. 

Nonhuman primates are often the nonrodent species of choice for safety assessment studies. There are over 500 species of nonhuman primates that differ widely from each other in size and physical characteristics. Most of the monkeys used in experimental research belong to the suborder Anthropoidea and especially to the superfamilies of Ceboidea (marmoset, squirrel monkey) and Cercopitcoidea (macaque, papio species, rhesus). These have been popular because of (1) assumed better concordance of effects seen to those in man and (2) smaller weights (and therefore reduced compound requirement). However, predominant factors leading to a decision whether or not to select primates as the nonrodent species for safety evaluation are summarized as follows (Hobson, 2000). 

Mazue, G. and Richez, P. (1982). Problems in utilizing monkeys in toxicology. In Animals in Toxicological Research (Bartosek, I., Ed.) Raven Press, New York, pp. 147-163. 

There is a publication which, caused by an unsuitable experimental design, erroneously claims to have found 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine in the urine of rabbits — an observation which, if true, would have pointed to metabolism of P.Y.13 [29], The results were challenged and contradicted later by comprehensive research on rats, mice [26], and rats, rabbits, and monkeys [30],... 

Numerous apocryphal stories of the origin of HIV have circulated since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic HIV was the result of germ warfare research by the CIA HIV was a laboratory accident in recombinant DNA research HIV resulted from sexual relations between humans and monkeys. 

Despite the misfortunes of these addicts, MPTP has proved an invaluable tool for studying the biology of Parkinson s disease. When MPTP is injected into experimental rats, mice, or monkeys, neurons in the substantia nigra of these animals start to die, and the animals develop motor problems that closely resemble the symptoms of Parkinson s disease. Researchers hope to use MPTP in animals to unravel the mystery of what causes Parkinson s disease in humans, in the hope that they can develop a cure for this devastating disease. 

Apicella, P., Ljungberg, T. Scamati, E., Schultz, W. (1991). Responses to Reward in Monkey Doral and Ventral Striatum. Experimental Brain Research, 85, 491-500. 

In nonhuman primates, including humans, research which directly examines the hormonal regulation of parental care is virtually nonexistent (Rosenblatt, 1995 Corter and Fleming, 1995). However, behavioral observations of pregnant rhesus monkeys have indicated that primiparous (first-time) mothers may not show reliable increases in parental... 

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