Modulus of elasticity tension

Silvery-white lustrous metal face-centered cubic crystal structure ductile ferromagnetic density 8.908 g/cm at 20°C hardness 3.8 Mohs melts at 1,455°C vaporizes at 2,730°C electrical resistivity 6.97 microhm-cm at 20°C total emissivity 0.045, 0.060 and 0.190 erg/s.cm2 at 25, 100 and 1,000°C, respectively modulus of elasticity (tension) 206.0x10 MPa, modulus of elasticity (shear) 73.6x10 MPa Poisson s ratio 0.30 thermal neutron cross section (for neutron velocity of 2,200 m/s) absorption 4.5 barns, reaction cross section 17.5 barns insoluble in water dissolves in dilute nitric acid shghtly soluble in dilute HCl and H2SO4 insoluble in ammonia solution. Thermochemical Properties... 

Thermosets Specific gravity Tensile strength Modulus of elasticity, tension Impact strength, Izod Maximum use temperature (no load) HOT at 254 Ibfi in Chemical resistance s ... 

Modulus of elasticity, tension, psi X 10. Modulus of rigidity, torsion, psi X 10. . Dielectric strength, step-hy-step, volts/mil... 

Specimen cross-sectional area prior load application Specimen cross-sectional area at the point of fracture Instantaneous specimen cross-sectional area during load application Modulus of elasticity (tension and compression)... 

Fig. 4. The immediate effect of temperature on the modulus of elasticity of clear wood, relative to the value at 20°C. The plot is a composite of studies on the modulus as measured in hen ding, in tension parallel to grain, and in compression parallel to grain. VariabiUty in reported results is illustrated by the...

Modulus of elasticity (E) the ratio of the unit stress to the unit strain within the proportional limits of a material in tension or compression. Refer to Figure 30.1. 

The stress-strain behavior of plastics in flexure generally follows from the behavior observed in tension and compression for either unreinforced or reinforced plastics. The flexural modulus of elasticity is nominally the average between the tension and compression moduli. The flexural yield point is generally that which is observed in tension, but this is not easily discerned, because the strain gradient in the flexural RP sample essentially eliminates any abrupt change in the flexural stress-strain relationship when the extreme fibers start to yield. 

The ratio (p/G) has the units of time and is known as the elastic time constant, te, of the material. Little information exists in the published literature on the rheomechanical parameters, p, and G for biomaterials. An exception is red blood cells for which the shear modulus of elasticity and viscosity have been measured by using micro-pipette techniques 166,68,70,72]. The shear modulus of elasticity data is usually given in units of N m and is sometimes compared with the interfacial tension of liquids. However, these properties are not the same. Interfacial tension originates from an imbalance of surface forces whereas the shear modulus of elasticity is an interaction force closely related to the slope of the force-distance plot (Fig. 3). Typical reported values of the shear modulus of elasticity and viscosity of red blood cells are 6 x 10 N m and 10 Pa s respectively 1701. Red blood cells typically have a mean length scale of the order of 7 pm, thus G is of the order of 10 N m and the elastic time constant (p/G) is of the order of 10 s. 

The important elastic properties of a material undergoing deformation under static tension are stiffness, elastic strength and resilience. For a material obeying Hooke s law, the modulus of elasticity, E (= o/e), can be taken to be a measure of its stiffness. The elastic... 

Liquid Temp T (°C) Density p( kg/nr) Specific gravity S Absolute viscosity m(N s/itt) Kinematic viscosity (m2/s) Surface tension Isothermal bulk modulus of elasticity E N/n ) Coefficient of thermal expansion cT (K-1)... 

When there is no volume change, as when an elastomer is stretched, Poisson s ratio is 0.5. This value decreases as the Tg of the polymer increases and approaches 0.3 for rigid solids such as PVC and ebonite. For simplicity, the polymers dealt with here will be considered to be isotropic viscoelastic solids with a Poisson s ratio of 0.5, and only deformations in tension and shear will be considered. Thus, a shear modulus (G) will usually be used in place of Young s modulus of elasticity E Equation 14.2) where E is about 2.6G at temperatures below Tg. 

Bright, silvery-white metal face-centered cubic crystal structure (a = 0.5582 nm) at ordinary temperatures, transforming to body-centered cubic form (a= 0.4407) at 430°C density 1.54 g/cm at 20°C hardness 2 Mohs, 17 Brinnel (500 kg load) melts at 851°C vaporizes at 1,482°C electrical resistivity 3.43 and 4.60 microhm-cm at 0° and 20°C, respectively modulus of elasticity 3-4x10 psi mass magnetic susceptibility -i-1.10x10 cgs surface tension 255 dynes/cm brick-red color when introduced to flame (flame test) standard reduction potential E° = -2.87V... 

Silvery-white metal close-packed hexagonal structure density 1.74 g/cm at 20°C, 1.57 g/cm3 at 650 C (hquid melt) melts at 650 C vaporizes at 1,090°C vapor pressure 5 torr at 678 C and 20 torr at 763 C electrical resistivity 4.46 microhm-cm at 20 C, 28.0 microhm-cm at 650 C (hquid melt) surface tension 563 dynes/cm at 681 C modulus of elasticity 6.5x10 Ib/sq in Poisson s ratio 0.35 thermal neutron absorption cross section 0.059 bam soluble in dilute acids. 

Figure 7.11 Overlay of contour plots for apparent modulus of elasticity in compression ( c)> maximum tension force (Ft) and first-cycle relaxed force (Fri). The shaded area represents optimum conditions.

Why is it that the maximum modulus of elasticity of crystalline film samples of polycarbonate, even when oriented, does not increase considerably over that of amorphous samples Van Kerpel (19) examined the x-ray diffraction pattern of a crystallized polycarbonate sample held under tension and showed that the crystal lattice of the polycarbonate elongates quite easily in the direction of stretch. He found that the lattice distance (d 2.670 A.) increases to d 2.691 A. and d — 2.714 A. when the polycarbonate film is elongated by 5 and 10%, respectively. 

The modulus of elasticity E and the shear modulus G are related to Poisson s ratio fi which describes transverse compression of bodies under tension ... 

Poly vinylidene fluoride is polymerized under pressure at 25-150°C in an emulsion using a fluorinated surfactant to minimize chain transfer with the emulsifying agent. Ammonium persulfate is used as the initiator. The homopolymer is highly crystalline and melts at 170°C. It can be injection molded to produce articles with a tensile strength of 7000 psi (48 MPal. a modulus of elasticity in tension of 1.2 x 105 psi and a heat deflection of 3003F (149°C). 

Compressive strength, at 25°C, MPaa Modulus of elasticity, at 25°C, GPab In tension In flexure In compression Izod impact, at 25°C, J/mc Notched Unnotched... 

Elasticity of solids determines their strain response to stress. Small elastic changes produce proportional, recoverable strains. The coefficient of proportionality is the modulus of elasticity, which varies with the mode of deformation. In axial tension, E is Young s modulus for changes in shape, G is the shear modulus for changes in volume, B is the bulk modulus. For isotropic solids, the three moduli are interrelated by Poisson s ratio, the ratio of traverse to longitudinal strain under axial load. 

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