Miscellaneous Solid Acids

The idea of solid-phase acid-catalyzed processes was originally developed by Toda et al. [46,47]. The pinacol rearrangement of aryl-substituted secondary and tertiary diols in the presence of solid p-toluenesulfonic acid (333 K) and trichloroacetic acid (293 K) was found to proceed faster and more selectively than in solution (batch reactor) [46]. 

Bayer in Methoden der Oreanischen Chemie (Houben-Weyt), Vol. 7/1, Thieme, Stuttgart, 1954, pp. 230-236. 

Collins, J.F. Eastham in The Chemistry of Functional Groups. The Carbonyl Group (Ed. S. Patai), Wiley, New York, 1966, pp. 762-767. 

Pocker in Molecular Rearrangements (Ed. P. de Mayo), Wiley. New York, 1963, pp. 15-25. 

Dietrich in Methoden der Organischen Chemie (Houben-Weyl), Vol. 7/2a, Thieme, Stuttgart, 1973. pp. 1016-1034. 

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Miscellaneous Reactions. Allji alcohol can be isomerized to propionaldehyde [123-38-6] in the presence of solid acid catalyst at 200—300 0. When copper or alumina is used as the catalyst, only propionaldehyde is obtained, because of intramolecular hydrogen transfer. On the other hand, acrolein and hydrogen are produced by a zinc oxide catalyst. In this case, it is considered that propionaldehyde is obtained mainly by intermolecular hydrogen transfer between allyl alcohol and acrolein (31). 

Miscellaneous Solids. Anderson and Walmsley (1965) described the far infrared spectra of ammonia, H S, and their deuterated analogs. The far infrared spectra of H S and D2S have also been reported by Taimasalu and Robinson (1965). Giguere and Chapados (1966) reported the far infrared spectra of solid and DjO. All lattice modes predicted to be active were observed. Tubino and Zerbi (1970) studied the phonon curves and frequency distributions for a hydrogen-bonded system the -form of solid formic acid and of its deuterated isotopes. The low-energy phonons arising from the hydrogen bond were found to be strongly dispersed. 

Waste in transportation pipeline related pits Caustic or acid cleaners Boiler cleaning wastes Boiler refractory bricks Boiler scrubber fluids, sludges, and ash Incinerator ash Laboratory wastes Sanitary wastes Pesticide wastes Radioactive tracer wastes Drums, insulation, and miscellaneous solids... 

Miscellaneous Polymerization over Solid Acids and Bases... 

Miscellaneous Reactions. The coupling of silyl ketene acetals (enolsilanes) with pyridine derivatives bearing an electron-withdrawing substituent, namely cyano, in the meta position is catalyzed by iron montmorillonite and other similar solid-acid catalysts (eq 16). ... 

Of the three categories, the packed column is by far the most commonly used for the absorption of gaseous pollutants. Miscellaneous gas-absorption equipment could include acid gas scrubbers that are commonly classified as either wet or diy. In wet scrubber systems, the absorption tower uses a hme-based sorbent liquor that reacts with the acid gases to form a wet/solid by-product. Diy scrubbers can be grouped into three catagories (1) spray diyers (2) circulating spray diyers and (3) dry injection. Each of these systems yields a diy product that can be captured with a fabric filter baghouse downstream and... 

The processes used in the primary production of lead produce several wastestreams of concern under different regulatory scenarios. The listed RCRA hazardous wastes include smelting plant wastes that are sent to surface impoundments to settle. The impoundments are used to collect solids from miscellaneous slurries, such as acid plant blowdown, slag granulation water, and plant... 

Miscellaneous tests. Treat 1 ml of the mixture with 5 per cent sodium hydroxide solution until strongly alkaline note whether an oil or solid separates, whether any ammonia is evolved and any colour changes which occur. Heat to boiling and cool compare odour with that of the original mixture (a change in odour may indicate the presence of esters). Add dilute hydrochloric acid and observe the result. 

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