Miscellaneous Rubbers

Erdogan and co-workers [11] report a MS analysis of the gases evolved during the pyrolysis of NR, butadiene rubber (BR), SBR, styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) and styrene-isoprene-styrene thermoplastic elastomers and PS in the low (0-150 amu) mass range, using a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The results are interpreted using the variations in ion ratio as a function of temperature. 

Lochmuller and co-workers [8] carried out TGA of a series of rubber blends and mixtures. 

Factor analytical methods can clearly be coupled to chemical intuition to enhance the understanding of processes such as controlled pyrolysis. The real power of the use of factor-analytical methods in the analysis of complex chemical phenomena, such as the pyrolysis of ruhher hlends, lies in the ability to gain molecular chemical insights that might otherwise he obscured. The belief that temperature control and knowledge of the process temperature is of major importance in avoiding thermal decomposition in a polymer blending process is confirmed by these workers. Further use of these mathematical methods could help discover why nominally identical materials from different batches are, in fact, very different in their performance in actual use. 

Korshak, Chemical Structure of Temperature Characteristics of Polymers, Nauka, Moscow, 1970. [In Russian]. 

Yamada, T. Okumoto, H. Ohtani and S. Tsuge, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 1990, 63, 191. 

Combette [59] reported that microwave or radio freqnency plasma treatment of silicone rubber with a gas rich in oxygen gave high peel strengths with an epoxide adhesive. 

Nitrile rubber is moderately polar and good adhesion would be expected between a polar adhesive like an epoxide and the nntreated polymer provided no weak boundary layers were present. This was found to be the case by Oldfield [37] as can be seen in Table 1.10. High adhesion values were obtained with a solvent wipe. 

Cyclisation and TCICA treatments resulted in large increases in adhesion. X-ray fluorescence indicated substantial uptake of chlorine in the latter case [37]. 

Reproduced with permission from D. Oldfield and T. E. F. Symes, Journal of Adhesion,  

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Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing molded, extruded, and lathe-cut mechanical rubber goods. The products are generally parts for machinery and equipment. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing other industrial rubber goods, rubberized fabric, and miscellaneous rubber specialties and sundries are classified in Industry 3069. 

Clay Miscellaneous Rubber Increased ozone resistance [66]... 

Miscellaneous rubbers o thermoplastic rubbers o polysulfide rubbers. 

Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products Manufacture of fabricated rubber and plastic products Scrap rubber and plastics, lampblack, curing compounds, dyes... 

Miscellaneous manufacturing Manufacture of jewelry, silverware, plated ware, toys, amusement, sporting and athletic goods, costume novelties, buttons, brooms, brushes, signs, advertising displays Metals, glass, plastics, resin, leather, rubber, composition, bone, cloth, straw, adhesives, paints, solvents... 

SIC code Food wastes Paper Wood Leather Rubber plastics Metals Glass Textiles Miscellaneous... 

Natural rubber displays the phenomenon known as natural tack. When two clean surfaces of masticated rubber (rubber whose molecular weight has been reduced by mechanical shearing) are brought into contact the two surfaces become strongly attached to each other. This is a consequence of interpenetration of molecular ends followed by crystallisation. Amorphous rubbers such as SBR do not exhibit such tack and it is necessary to add tackifiers such as rosin derivatives and polyterpenes. Several other miscellaneous materials such as factice, pine tar, coumarone-indene resins (see Chapter 17) and bitumens (see Chapter 30) are also used as processing aids. 

Today polyether foam with a density of less than half that of rubber latex foam is widely used as a cushioning material. Polyester foams, although tending to be more expensive, continue to have a number of outlets, particularly where a high initial modulus is desirable. In addition to miscellaneous upholstery applications... 

Casein is used for a number of miscellaneous purposes in which foimolisation is not required. These include adhesives, stabilisers for rubber latex, paper finishing agents and miscellaneous uses in the textile industry. Mention may also be made of casein fibres, available in Italy between the two world wars under the name of Lanital. 

Chemical nature Isolation of casein from milk Production of casein plastics Properties of casein Applications Miscellaneous Protein Plastics Derivatives of Natural Rubber Gutta Percha and Related Materials Shellac... 

Chapter 4 Rubber Nanocomposites Based on Miscellaneous NanofiUers.89... 

The choice of the filter medium is often the most important consideration to ensure efficient operation of a filter. Its function is generally to act as a support for the filter cake, while the initial layers of cake provide the actual filter. The filter medium should be selected primarily on the basis of its ability to retain solids without binding. It should be mechanically strong and corrosion resistant, and should offer as little resistance as possible to the flow of the filtrate. The media are made from widely different materials such as cotton, wool, linen, nylon, jute, silk, glass fiber, porous carbon, metals, rayon and other synthetics, and miscellaneous materials like porous rubber. Cotton fabrics are most commonly used because they are available in a wide variety of weaves, and are cheap. 

Includes rubber and leather, textiles, wood, and miscellaneous inorganics fractions. SOURCE Adapted from reference 3. 

Solvents, extender oils, and insoluble monomers are used throughout the rubber industry. In addition, miscellaneous oils are used to lubricate machinery. Laboratory analysis indicates the presence of oil and grease in the raw wastewater of these plants. Oil and grease entering the wastewater streams are removed by chemical coagulation, dissolved air flotation, and, to some extent, biological oxidation. 

Table 16.1 shows the breakdovm in value of shipments in Plastics and Rubber Products and its subdivisions. It is divided into 78.5% Plastics Products and 21.5% Rubber Products. Plastics products are then subdivided into products such as film, sheet, bags, pipe, laminate, foam, bottles, and miscellaneous. While film, sheet, and bags are the largest subdivision of plastics, the large miscellaneous other category demonstrates the breadth and scope of plastics. It cannot be denied that our modem standard of living... 

Tires and tire products, including tread rubber, 77% mechanical goods, 15% automotive, 5% miscellaneous, 3%... 

Mechanical rubber goods, 30% automotive, 30% adhesives, 20% construction, 5% coated fabrics, 5% miscellaneous, including wire and cable, 10%... 

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