Miscellaneous plants

Miscellaneous Plants — Study of plant grinding method Flame AAS [99]... 

Miscellaneous Plants Soxhlet extraction Study of extraction conditions - [77]... 

Buildings, structures improvements on site 22 Reactor plant equipment HX equipment 23 Turbine-Generator 23 Chemical Facility 24 Electrical equipment 25 Water intake and heat rejection plant 26 Miscellaneous plant equipment 27 Special materials (including chemicals) 132 443 91 62 33 28 132 403 480 50 28 96... 

Application of HPLC in Monitoring of Miscellaneous Plant Products... 

MISCELLANEOUS PLANT PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM THE SHIKIMATE PATHWAY... 

Table 23-6. Approximate Cost op Miscellaneous Plants or Equipment...

Miscellaneous Alkaloids. Stukimic acid (57) is a precursor of anthranihc acid (28) and, in yeasts and Escherichia coli (a bacterium), anthranHic acid (o-aminobenzoic acid) is known to serve as a precursor of tryptophan (26). A similar but yet unknown path is presumed to operate in higher plants. Nonetheless, anthranHic acid itself is recognized as a precursor to a number of alkaloids. Thus damascenine [483-64-7] (134), C qH NO, from the seed coats of JSHgella damascena has been shown (95) to incorporate labeled anthranHic acid when unripe seeds of the plant are incubated with labeled precursor. 

Other auxin-like herbicides (2,48) include the chlorobenzoic acids, eg, dicamba and chloramben, and miscellaneous compounds such as picloram, a substituted picolinic acid, and naptalam (see Table 1). Naptalam is not halogenated and is reported to function as an antiauxin, competitively blocking lAA action (199). TIBA is an antiauxin used in receptor site and other plant growth studies at the molecular level (201). Diclofop-methyl and diclofop are also potent, rapid inhibitors of auxin-stimulated response in monocots (93,94). Diclofop is reported to act as a proton ionophore, dissipating cell membrane potential and perturbing membrane functions. 

The quahty of naphthalene required for phthaUc anhydride manufacture is generally 95% minimum purity. The fixed plants do not require the high (>98%) purity naphthalene product and low (<50 ppm) sulfur. The typical commercial coal-tar naphthalene having a purity ca 95% (freezing point, 77.5°C), a sulfur content of ca 0.5%, and other miscellaneous impurities, is acceptable feedstock for the fixed-bed catalyst process based on naphthalene. 

Miscellaneous. Where a copper refinery is adjacent to a lead (qv) plant it is feasible to recover the selenium in slimes by smelting them in conjunction with lead-bearing materials. Utilizing the lower temperatures needed to melt lead, the selenium is volatilized from a lead bath or cupel blown with air. The selenium is recovered from flue dust and fume by scmbbing. This is the process used by Union Miniere at its Hoboken plant in Belgium. 

The estimated world production of tellurium from 1991—1994 is shown in Table 4 the average annual production in that time period was 240 tonnes. The data for 1994 are considered to be the most accurate because of the direct reporting, for the first time, of production from plants in the former Soviet Union. The main uses for tellurium are as a free machining additive in ferrous metallurgy (55%), as a free machining additive in nonferrous metallurgy (10%), in chemicals (30%), in electrical appHcations such as solar cells and thermoelectrics (3%), and miscellaneous (2%). 

Miscellaneous Direct Costs Estimates for the cost of maintenance and repairs, operating supplies, royalties, and patents are best based on company records for similar processes. A rough average value for the annual cost of maintenance is 6 percent of the capital cost of the plant. This percentage can vaiy from 2 to 10 percent, depending on the severity of plant operation. Approximately half of the maintenance costs are for materials and half for labor. Royalty and patents costs are in the order of 1 to 5 percent of the sales price of the product. 

Lumber and wood products Sawmills, millwork plants, wooden containers, miscellaneous wood products, manufacturing Scrap wood, shavings, sawdust in some instances, metals, plastics, fibers, glues, sealers, paints, solvents... 

Closed Cooling W.ater Systems. Auxiliary Steam. Service Air. . Instrument Air -Fire Protection System. .Miscellaneous (Auxiliary Systems). Miscellaneous (Balance of Plant)... 

In the chemical process industry molybdenum has found use as washers and bolts to patch glass-lined vessels used in sulphuric acid and acid environments where nascent hydrogen is produced. Molybdenum thermocouples and valves have also been used in sulphuric acid applications, and molybdenum alloys have been used as reactor linings in plant used for the production of n-butyl chloride by reactions involving hydrochloric and sulphuric acids at temperatures in excess of 170°C. Miscellaneous applications where molybdenum has been used include the liquid phase Zircex hydrochlorination process, the Van Arkel Iodide process for zirconium production and the Metal Hydrides process for the production of super-pure thorium from thorium iodide. 

Miscellaneous There are many interesting applications that arise from time to time that are outside the main stream of industry described above. Examples include desalination plant reactor cooling water circuits automobile body corrosion in situ) marine (vessels, piling, harbour installations) aircraft (in situ) packaging and cavitation monitoring. 

Abscisin II may be viewed as a monocyclic analog of these two anomalous sesquiterpenes. Alternatively, it may be one of a larger group of miscellaneous compounds which do not necessarily possess exactly 10 or 15 carbon atoms but may be looked upon formally (and perhaps actually) as degradation products of the carotenoids. This view is favored by the fact that the carotenoids are the only class of plant products in which cyclization of the type found in abscisin II is very common. Other examples of these compounds in-... 

Miscellaneous Identified Inhibitors. 3-Acetyl-6-methoxy-benzaldehyde is present in the leaves of the desert shrub Encelia farinosa. It is apparently leached from the leaves and washed into the soil by rain. Concentrations of approximately 0.5 mg. per gram of dried leaf material have been measured. In sand culture studies, growth of tomato seedlings was inhibited by 50 p.p.m. while 115 p.p.m. reduced growth by 50% (53). A concentration of 250 p.p.m. killed the test plants within one day. The structure was confirmed by synthesis, and the synthetic material was shown to be as active as the natural product (54). Derivatives were also prepared in which a cyano, nitro, or amino group was substituted for the aldehyde moiety. The amino derivative was reported to be the most highly toxic. 

E) coumarins, (F) quinones, (G) flavonoids, (H) tannins, (I) alkaloids, (J) terpenoids and steroids and (K) miscellaneous and unknowns. Although many of these compounds are secondary products of plant metabolism, several are also degradation products which occur in the presence of microbial enzymes. 

Under this heading are included all the miscellaneous materials required to operate the plant that are not covered under the headings raw materials or maintenance materials. Miscellaneous materials will include ... 

An accurate estimate can be made by detailing and costing all the items needed, based on experience with similar plants. As a rough guide the cost of miscellaneous materials can be taken as 10 per cent of the total maintenance cost. 

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