Mineralization biogeochemistry

The chemistry of the mineral—water iaterface and of aquatic environmental particles and coUoids is reviewed ia References 25 and 26. References 16 and 27 review the role of the hydrosphere ia the biogeochemistry of global change. 

G. H. Taylor, Biogeochemistry of Uranium Minerals, in Biogeochemical Cycling of Mineral Forming Elements, P. A. Trudinger and D. J. Swaine, eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 485,1979. 

Fenchel T, King G, Blackburn FI (1998) Bacterial biogeochemistry the ecophysiology of mineral cycling. Academic Press, London, UK Francl LJ (1993) Multivariate analysis of selected edaphic factors and their relationship to Heterodera glycines population density. J Nematol 25 270-276 Frostegard A, Tunlid A, Baath E (1993) Phospholipid fatty acid composition, biomass, and activity of microbial comunities from two soil types experimentally exposed to different heavy metals. Appl Environ Microbiol 59 3605-3617... 

Bruchert V, Knoblauch C, Jorgensen BB (2001) Controls on stable sulfur isotope fractionation during bacterial sulfate reduction in Arctic sediments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 65 763-776 Bryan BA, Shearer G, Skeeters JL, Kohl DH (1983) Variable expression of the nitrogen isotope effect associated with denitrification of nitrate. J Biol Chem 258 8613-8617 Canfield DE (2001) Biogeochemistry of sulfur isotopes. Rev Mineral Geochem 43 607-636 Chau YK, Riley JP (1965) The determination of selenium in sea water, silicates, and marine organisms. Anal Chim Acta 33 36-49... 

Dunn, C.E. 2007. Biogeochemistry in Mineral Exploration. In Hale, M. (ed) Handbook of Exploration and Environmental Geochemistry 9, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 462 P-... 

Cameron EM, Hall GEM, Veizer J, Krouse HR (1995) Isotopic and elemental hydrogeochemistry of a major river system Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada. Chem Geol 122 149-169 Canfield DE (2001a) Biogeochemistry of sultiir isotopes. Rev Miner 43 607-636 Canfield DE (2001b) Isotope fractionation by natural populations of sulfate-reducing bacteria. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 65 1117-1124... 

Frape SK, Fritz P, McNutt RH (1984) Water-rock interaction and chemistry of groundwaters from the Canadian Shield, Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48 1617-1627 Freeman KH (2001) Isotopic biogeochemistry of marine organic carbon. Rev Miner Geochem 43 579-605... 

Allison, S. D. (2006b). Soil minerals and humic acids alter enzyme stability Implications for ecosystem processes. Biogeochemistry. 81, 361-373. 

Kleber, M., Sollins, P, and Sutton, R. (2007). A conceptual model of organo-mineral interactions in soils Self-assembly of organic molecular fragments into zonal structures on mineral surfaces. Biogeochemistry 85(1), 9-24. 

Mikutta, R., Kleber, M.,Torn, M. S., and Jahn, R. (2006). Stabilization of soil organic matter Association with minerals or chemical recalcitrance Biogeochemistry 77(1), 25-56. 

Lein, A. Y. Formation of carbonate and sulfide minerals during diagenesis of reduced sediments, in Environmental biogeochemistry and geomicrobiology 1 (ed. Krumbein, W. E.) p. 339, Ann Arbor Mich. Ann Arbor Publishers Sci. 1978... 

Dunn C.F. (2007). Biogeochemistry in Mineral Exploration. Elsevier Science, Berlin, 464 pp. 

Brooks, R. R. (1972). Geobotany and Biogeochemistry in Mineral Exploration, New York Harper and Row. 

Vegetation has been classified into a number of reaction types (Ernst, 1993). Within the group of plants that react to their environment (reactors), those with visible (or overt) reactions can be distinguished from those with non-visible (or covert) reactions. In the case of geobotany as defined by Ernst (1993), visibility means to the unaided human eye, that is colour, morphology, presence, abundance or absence of species. Cole has pointed out (Cole and Smith, 1984) that is was not until about 1945, when rapid routine methods of analysis for large numbers of samples became available, that biogeochemistry, that is the study of the chemical composition of plants from various habitats, was used for mineral exploration in many parts of the world. 

Plant analysis, and that of soils, is very important in the understanding of the factors influencing the plant communities that thrive over certain soils and rocks (for example, Cole, 1992). Botanical methods for mineral exploration have been reviewed by Brooks (1983). These methods include geobotany, the variation in patterns of plants with changes in mineralisation, and biogeochemistry, which relies on the analysis of plants. 

Fenchel, T.M., King, G.M., and Blackburn, T.H. (1998) Bacterial Biogeochemistry the Ecophysiology of Mineral Cycling. Academic Press, New York. 

Telang, S.A., Puckington, R., Naidu, A.S., Romankevich, E.A., Gitelson, I.I., and Gladyshev, M.I. (1991) Carbon and mineral transport in major North American, Russian Arctic and Siberian Rivers, the St. Lawrence, the Mackenzie, the Arctic Alaskan rivers, the Arctic Basin rivers in the Soviet Union and the Yenisei. In Biogeochemistry of Major Rivers (Degens, E.T., Kempe, S., and Richey, J.E., eds.), pp. 77-104, John Wiley, New York. 

Wetzel, R.G. (1999) Organic phosphorus mineralization in soils and sediments. In Phosphorus Biogeochemistry of Subtropical Ecosystems (Reddy, K.R., O Connor, GA., and Schelske, C.L., eds.), pp. 225-245, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 

Hart, S. C. Firestone, M. K. (1991). Forest floor-mineral soil interactions in the internal nitrogen cycle of an old-growth forest. Biogeochemistry, 12, 103-28. 

Homann P. S., Van Miegroet H., Cole D. W., and Wolfe G. V. (1992) Cation distribution, cycling, and removal from mineral soil in Douglas fir and red alder forests. Biogeochemistry 16, 121-150. 

Van Breemen N., Finlay R., Lundstrom U., Jongmans A. G., Giesler R., and Olsson M. (2000) Mycorrhizal weathering a true case of mineral plant nutrition Biogeochemistry 49, 53-67. 

Ohmoto H. (1992) Biogeochemistry of sulfur and the mechanisms of sulfide-sulfate minerahzation in Archean oceans. In Early Organic Evolution Implications for Mineral and Energy Resources (eds. M. Schidlowdd, S. Golubic, M. M. Kimberly, and P. A. Trudinger). Springer, Berlin. 

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