Biogeochemistry

We therefore discuss in succession the assimilation of metal ions by bacteria, by plants, and fungi, and finally by mammals, with a particular focus on man. In most cases, we consider systems involved in iron uptake and then those involving copper and zinc. This is based on the simple logic that these are the three metals for which the assimilation systems are the best characterized. We begin with a brief outline of inorganic biogeochemistry and then discuss a few other metals where sufficient information is available. The specific cases of Na , K, and will be dealt with in Chapters 9 and 11. We remind the reader that uptake systems for the essential metalloids B and Si and their toxic homologues As and Sn were already discussed in Chapter 1. 

Biogeochemistry is a complex field which encompasses the study of the processes (biological, chemical, geological, and physical) that govern the composition of our natural environment. A particular focus of 

Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Edition. DOI 10.1016/B978-0-444-53782-9.00007-3. Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 

The role of Fe as a limiting nutrient has been well established in the last decade in the so-called high-nutrient low chlorophyll regions of the oceans. A series of massive iron seeding experiments carried out to test the iron hypothesis advanced by Martin and Fitzwater (1988) have unequivocally shown that iron supply limits plankton production in one third of the world s oceans, despite the perennially high surface concentration of macronutrients (Fig. 7.1). The dynamics of phytoplankton blooms are limited by iron supply, which 

FIGURE 7.1 World map showing the locations of the ten major iron addition experiments completed thus far. (Adapted from Vraspir  

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M. A. Soukup, The Eimnology of a Eutrophic HardwaterNew England Take with Mcp or Emphasis on the Biogeochemistry of Dissolved Silica, No. 75-27-527, University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Mich., 1975. 

The chemistry of the mineral—water iaterface and of aquatic environmental particles and coUoids is reviewed ia References 25 and 26. References 16 and 27 review the role of the hydrosphere ia the biogeochemistry of global change. 

Biogeochemistry- Study of microbially mediated chemical transformations of geochemical interest, such as nitrogen or sulfur cycling. 

Geochemistry, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1982, 372 pp. S. R. Aston (ed.), Silicon Geochemistry and Biogeochemistry, Academic Press, 1983, 272 pp. 

Dyrssen, D. Wedborg, M. "Chemistry and Biogeochemistry of Estuaries" Olausson, E., Ed. John Wiley New York, 1980. 

Schlesinger, W.H. Biogeochemistry - An Analysis of Global Change, Academic Press San Diego, CA, 1991 226-243. 

The models also assume a steady-state condition which suggests that the carbon cycle is structured, stable, and balanced and will remain so indefinitely. This mechanistic view of biogeochemistry allows for little variation even though it is known that fluctuations and variation occur seasonally. The concentration of... 

Williams, G. R. (1987). The coupling of biogeochemical cycles of nutrients. Biogeochemistry 4,61-75. 

Schlesinger, W. H. (1997). "Biogeochemistry an Analysis of Global Change." Academic Press, San Diego. 

Lewis, W. M. Jr., Hamilton, S. K., Jones, S. L. and Runnels, D. D. (1987). Major element chemistry, weathering, and element yields for the Caura River drainage, Venezuela. Biogeochemistry 4,159-181. 

Smetacek, V., de Baar, H. J. W., Bathmann, U. V. et al. (eds) (1997). Ecology and biogeochemistry of the Antarctic Circumpolar current during austral spring Southern Ocean JGOFS Cruise ANT X/6 of R.V. Polarstem. Deep-Sea Res. II44,1-519. 

Tebo, B. and Emerson, S. (1986). Microbial manganese (II) oxidation in the marine environment A quantitative study. Biogeochemistry 2,149-161. 

Fig. 17-3 (a) A simplified picture of the coupling of biogeochemistry and global radiative balance in marine systems. SST = Sea surface temperature. 

This book is about fundamental aspects of the science of biogeochemistry. As such, and while it is relevant to the major issues of global change, it is not issue oriented. Not does this book attempt to review all of the research on these topics. It does, however, emphasize fundamental aspects of the physical, chemical, biological, and Earth sciences that are of lasting importance for integrative studies of the Earth. 

Keywords Biodiversity, Biogeochemistry, Drought, Intermittent, Stream... 

Houser JN, Bade DL, Cole JJ, Pace ML (2003) The dual influences of dissolved organic carbon on hypolimnetic metabolism organic substrate and photosynthetic reduction. Biogeochemistry 64 247-69... 

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