Mineral matter types

Sheet form, composed of organic roofing felt, saturated with asphalt and coating on both sides with asphalt compound that may or may not contain mineral stabiHzer, surfaced with powdered talc, mica, or other tine mineral matter to prevent sticking. Classified, in mineral net mass per unit area of roofing, as Type I, 1943 g/m (39.8 lb/100 fC) Type II, 2666 g/m (54.6 lb/100 fC) Type III, 2495 g/m (51.1 lb/100 fC) and Type IV, 1943 g/m (39.8 Ib/lOOfC). 

Mineral Matter in Goal. The mineral matter (7,38) in coal results from several separate processes. Some comes from the material inherent in all living matter some from the detrital minerals deposited during the time of peat formation and a third type from secondary minerals that crystallized from water which has percolated through the coal seams. 

The processes that govern the formation of ash particles are complex and only partially understood (Figure 7.12). The mineral matter in pulverized coal is distributed in various forms some is essentially carbon-free and is designated as extraneous some occurs as mineral inclusions, typically 2-5 pm in size, dispersed in the coal matrix and some is atomically dispersed in the coal either as cations on carboxylic acid side chains or in porphyrin-type stmctures. The behavior of the mineral matter during combustion depends strongly on the chemical and physical state of the mineral inclusions. 

The parent materials differ from each other in many aspects the differences are being related both to their origin (coal or pitch) and heat treatment temperature. Clearly, coal should be classified as a polymeric type precursor while the others, such as carbonaceous precursors of relatively low, except for AC, carbonization degree. Specific of pitch-derived materials is distinctly lower mineral matter and heteroatoms content. Anisotropic appearance with predominating flow type texture proves the superior extent of structural ordering in pitch-derived materials. 

Two types of coal ash samples have been prepared routinely for analysis at the Illinois Geological Survey. Low-temperature ash samples (12), in which the bulk of the mineral matter remains unchanged, are prepared by reaction of the coal with activated oxygen in a radiofrequency field. The effective temperature produced by this device is approximately 150 °C. Such samples were unsatisfactory for emission spectroscopic analysis. It is postulated that the presence of largely unaltered mineral matter, such as carbonates, sulfides, and hemihydrated sulfates (12), caused the observed nonreproducibility of results. High-temperature ash samples, prepared in a muffle furnace, consisted mainly... 

An electronmicroprobe x-ray analyzer was used to determine how and what type of mineral matter is distributed on the surface of the various lithotypes. Results indicated that the mineral matter located at the surface is vastly different among the various lithotypes. The mineral matter appearing on the flat, homogeneous vitrain surface (Figure 4) was found to be distributed... 

V10-VI6. reflectance types VP Pitted, mylonitized vitrinite. b Mineral matter calculated according to Parr s formula (2). 

Coke (Coke in Fr or ftal Cok or coque in Span Koks in Ger or Rus). Coke is the solid residue which remains when certain types of bituminous coals are heated in retorts or special ovens (such as "behive type) to high temps out of contact with air until practically all of the volatile constituents are removed. Coke consists principally of C and of small amts of S, H, N, O mineral matter present in the original coal. It is a hard, cellular form, porous substance, ranging in color from silvery gray to dull black. Its true density 1.85 -1.90, is higher than that of coal, but its bulk d is lower because of porosity... 

There are two types of minerals in coal (1) extraneous mineral matter and (2) inherent mineral matter. Extraneous mineral matter consists of materials such as calcium, magnesium, and ferrous carbonates pyrite marcasite clay shale sand and gypsum. Inherent mineral matter represents the inorganic elements combined with organic components of coal that originated from the plant materials from which the coal was formed. 

The effect of volatile matter content on electrical properties is not fully understood. Some data indicate that there is no particular correlation, whereas other data indicate a slight decrease of resistivity with decreasing volatile matter content. Both the type and quantity of volatile matter may affect electrical properties. However, it should be noted that even samples with equal volatile matter may show different properties due to different origins. Both mineral matter... 

Coal is an inhomogeneous rock, because different types of plant material behave differently under coalification conditions, and mineral matter is not uniformly distributed, either by type or by amount. Microscopic examination reveals this inhomogeneity by showing that different areas of the coal structure have a different appearance. The organic components of coal are classified into six macerals vitrinite, exinite, resinite, semifusinite, micri-nite, and fusinite. The first three of these macerals are reactive (relatively easily hydrogenated or oxidized), and the other three are relatively inert. Most coals are banded,... 

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