Mineral composition of soil

Mineral Composition of Soil Samples3 Collected Along River Tisza (Hungary)... 

Arocena et al (1999) and Arocena and Glowa (2000) investigated the soil solution and mineral composition of soil collected near EM roots in subalpine fir forests in Canada. The authors found that mica and chlorite had been transformed to 2 1 expandable clays to a larger extent in ecto-mycorrhizosphere soil than in non-ectomycorrhizosphere soil. Mineral... 

Iron is important in plants not only because of its role in fundamental processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, nitrogen fixation, and DNA synthesis, but also because of its involvement in key enzymes of plant hormone synthesis, such as lipoxygenases and ethylene-forming enzymes. Despite the fact that iron represents 4—5% of the total solid mineral composition of soils, it is generally present in soils in a poorly soluble form, and... 

Climates with high rainfall represent more intensely leaching environments than those with low rainfall. With comparable parent materials subjected to weathering over the same time period, wet climates cause more advanced soil development than dry climates. This principle is confirmed by the dependence of clay mineral composition of soils on rainfall, as has been shown by numerous examples such as the one illustrated in Figure 6.10. 

Sarkar, A.N., Jenkins, D.A., Wyn Jones, R.G., 1979. Modifications to mechanical and mineral composition of soil within the rhizosphere. In Harley, J.L., Russel, R.S., (Eds.), The Soil-Root Interface. Academic Press, Oxford, pp. 125-136. 

Kyuma K. 1978. Mineral composition of rice soils. In Soils and Rice. Manila International Rice Research Institute, 219-235. 

Before the availability of artificial fertilizers in the mid-19th century, farms were traditionally organic, with recycling of animal waste, and perhaps with the application of lime on acid soils. Agricultural chemical analysis may have begun with Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1742-1786), the Swedish pharmacist who isolated citric acid from lemons and gooseberries and malic acid from apples. In France, Nicolas Theodore de Saussure (1767-1845) studied the mineral composition of plant ash, and in Britain, Sir Humphrey Davy... 

One particular type of source that should be studied carefully Is entrained soil. As shown above, this Is often the greatest contributor of TSP In urban areas. As there Is so much of It present, we need to know concentrations of all measured elements quite well to make an accurate determination of the residual amounts left to be accounted for by other sources. The composition of selved soil Is often used for the soil component, but there may be considerable fractionation Imposed by entrainment, e.g., preferential selection of very fine clay mineral particles. Such fractionation has been demonstrated In the very limited studies of entrainment of particles from soil of known composition (e.g.. Refs. 21, 49). These studies can probably best be done In controlled environments such as wind tunnels. One cannot simply collect ambient particles In the countryside and consider it to be soil, as there are anthropogenic contributions even at great distances from cities ( ). There Is further confusion betwen clean, "continental" dust and "urban" dust. The latter, which Is usually collected near city streets (21, 50), typically has a composition of soil contaminated by anthropogenic emissions, especially from motor vehicles. 

Many factors affect the mineral composition of potatoes, for example location, stage of development, soil type, soil pH, soil organic matter, fertilization, irrigation, and weather. Genotypic... 

Barshad, I. and Kishk, F.M. 1969. Chemical composition of soil vermiculite days as related to their genesis. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 24 136-155. 

However, the excess of phosphates and PolyPs in soil due to technogenic pollution and the use of fertilizers has a great influence on the transformation of mineral and organic compounds in soil, the composition of soil microbial communities, and finally agriculture productivity (Kudeyarova, 1993). 

The characteristic properties of some soils, studied by potentiometric titration and the surface complexation model, are shown in Table 3.12. The mineral composition of some soils are also provided (Table 3.13). 

Arocena, J. M., Glowa, K. R., Massicotte, H. B. Lavkulich, L. (1999). Chemical and mineral composition of ectomycorrhizosphere soils of subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) in the AE horizon of a Luvisol. Canadian Journal of Soil Sciences, 79, 25-35. 

Petrographic comparison of the Mexico City majolica with Teotihuacan sherds shows that except for the secondary deposition of carbonates, which is present in the majolica but absent in the Precolumbian sherds, the mineral composition of both sets of specimens is very similar. Both notably include hornblende and similar feldspars as inclusions, and both are low in quartz. Similarly, except for the calcite in the majolica, both sets of sherds show similar x-ray diflFraction patterns. The mineralogical evidence, therefore, strongly suggests that both sets of sherds were made from closely related clays and that the compositional diflEerences that exist between them are primarly the result of the accumulation of a secondary calcareous deposit within the majolica sherds during burial in the wet soil of Mexico City. 

In most cases the mineral composition of SEA is represented by quartz, different kinds of clayey soil, carbonates, calcites, and gypsum. For some regions the content of iron oxide (hematite) turns out to be considerable. 

Katz B. G. (1989) Influence of mineral weathering reactions on the chemical composition of soil water, springs, and groundwater, Catoctin mountains, Maryland. Hydrol. Process. 3, 185-202. 

Lucas Y., Luizao E. J., Chauvel A., RouiUer J., and Nahon D. (1993) The relation between biological activity of the rainforest and mineral composition of the soils. Science 260, 521-523. 

The mineral composition of the soil will also influence the kinetics of gas hydrates dissociation in frozen soils. Our results show, that gas hydrate formations in pore space of samples with montmorillonite particles dissociate less markedly as compared to the samples with kaolinite admixture. This influence may be explained by microstructural specificities of pore hydrate saturated samples but undoubtedly requires additional micro-morphological studies for a full understanding. 

Figure 9.7 Clay mineral composition of the surface layers of residual soils formed on (a) quartz- and feldspar-rich rocks, and (b) Fe- and Mg-rich igneous rocks in California. After I Barshad. The effect of variation in precipitation on the nature of clay mineral formation in soils from acid and basic igneous rocks, Prac. Int. Clay Conf., 19 by the Geological Survey of Norway. Used by permission.

How can the stabilities of coexisting clay minerals be estimated from the composition of soil moisture or groundwater ... 

What is the chemical composition and range of compositions of soil waters and what concentrations of sorbate species of interest are or might be present Does computer modeling of the water chemi.stry indicate that a potential sorbate species is at or above saturation with respect to a possible mineral Sorption of that species cannot be meaningfully examined, except at concentrations below mineral saturation. 

Major Components—Five phosphogypsum-subsurface samples were obtained from cores by drilling through approximately the bottom 3 m of the phosphogypsum stacks and the tup 3 m of the underlying subsurface soils. Chemical analyses were used to identify the nature of the sample.s and confirm that subsurface levels had been reached. The results of chemical analyses for the major components of the five samples are given in Table 3. fhe approximate mineral compositions of the samples are shown in Table 4. The approximate mineral... 

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