Morphology micro

The quality and quantity of sites which are capable of reversible lithium accommodation depend in a complex manner on the crystallinity, the texture, the (mi-cro)structure, and the (micro)morphology of the carbonaceous host material [7, 19, 22, 40-57]. The type of carbon determines the current/potential characteristics of the electrochemical intercalation reaction and also potential side-reactions. Carbonaceous materials suitable for lithium intercalation are commercially available in many types and qualities [19, 43, 58-61], Many exotic carbons have been specially synthesized on a laboratory scale by pyrolysis of various precursors, e.g., carbons with a remarkably high lithium storage capacity (see Secs. 

By special processes, like polymerization under shear conditions or flash-spinning of polymer solutions, it is furthermore possible to obtain materials which do not only have this new shish-kebab micro-morphology, but also a new macro-morphology, namely the polymer fibrids.35... 

Under the conditions of Example 5-23 the rubber phase of the end product shows an interesting micro-morphology. It consists of particles of 1-3 microns diameter into which polystyrene spheres with much lower diameters are dispersed. These included polystyrene spheres act as hard fillers and raise the elastic modulus of polybutadiene. As a consequence, HIPS with this micro-morphology has a higher impact resistance without loosing too much in stiffness and hardness. This special morphology can be visualized with transmission electron microscopy. A relevant TEM-picture obtained from a thin cut after straining with osmium tetroxide is shown in Sect. 2.3.4.14. 

The mineral composition of the soil will also influence the kinetics of gas hydrates dissociation in frozen soils. Our results show, that gas hydrate formations in pore space of samples with montmorillonite particles dissociate less markedly as compared to the samples with kaolinite admixture. This influence may be explained by microstructural specificities of pore hydrate saturated samples but undoubtedly requires additional micro-morphological studies for a full understanding. 

Another important aspect of compatibilization is the effect on blends micro-morphology, i.e., on the total crystallinity and the crystalline morphology [Utracki, 1989 Xavier, 1991 Nadkarni and Jog, 1991]. 

Another aspect of the multiphase rheometry is related to the interrelations between the flow field and system morphology. In this text the term morphology will refer to the overall physical form or shape of the physical structure of a material, usually described as either a dispersed phase (particles or domains), co-continuous lamellae, fibrils or spherulites. Furthermore, morphology considers distribution and orientation of the phases, the interfacial area, the volume of the interphase, etc. However, the term must be distinguished from micro-morphology, which describes structures of the crystalline phase. Flow may induce two modifications of morphology that may complicate interpretation of data the concentra-... 

This strategy provides a facile way for the construction of hypercrosslinked polymers with unique micro-morphology structures or special performances. Dawson et al. successfully synthesized a series of MOPs containing -NH2 groups by the copolymerization of a simple amine-functionalized aromatic monomer (aniline) with benzene (Figure 4.11). Despite the non-porous network synthesized solely by aniline, the strategy of copolymerization with benzene was used to fine tune the porous properties and finally obtain the networks with apparent BET surface areas of up to 1100 m g . Moreover, the increasing aniline content in the hypercrosslinked networks led to an improved CO2/N2 selectivity of up to 49.2 1 but, as a contrast, the 100% benzene network only showed a CO2/N2 selectivity of 15.9 1. 

So-called phase field models can be used to describe the local evolution of micro-morphologies. This approach is the most general one but considerable computational efforts are required and materials data as well as initial/boundary conditions are often unknown, (Cohn Hilliard, 1958 Cohn, 1961 Thiessen et al, 2007). 

ER. Tay, A.J. Gwinnett, K.M. Pang, S.H.Y. Wei, Micro morphologic relationship of the resin-dentin interface following a total-etch technique in vivo using a den-tinal bonding system. Quintessence Int, 26, 63-70,1995. 

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