Mineral collectors

Perxanthate ion may also be implicated [59]. Even today, the exact nature of the surface reaction is clouded [59, 79-81], although Gaudin [82] notes that the role of oxygen is very determinative in the chemistry of the mineral-collector interaction. 

Aetivators. These are used to make a mineral surface amenable to collector coating. Copper ion is used, for example, to activate sphalerite (ZnS), rendering the sphalerite surface capable of absorbing a xanthate or dithiophosphate collector. Sodium sulfide is used to coat oxidized copper and lead minerals so that they can be floated by a sulfide mineral collector. 

Two kinds of hardness can be measured scratch hardness and indentation hardness. Special styluses are available to measure the scratch hardness. These are provided with a crystal tip which has a certain hardness. When a material is scratched with a certain stylus and no scratch is made, then the material has a higher hardness than the tip of the stylus. By using different styluses you can accurately determine the hardness. This method is often applied in mineralogy, e.g. by mineral collectors. Hardness is ranked along the Mohs scale, which is based on the hardness of minerals. In this scale talc is the softest mineral, which becomes clear when you rub it between your fingers. 

Klimpel, R. R. (1999) A review of sulfide mineral collector practice, Advances in Flotation Technology, [Proceedings of the Symposium VAdvances in Flotation Technology " held at the SME Annual Meeting], Denver, Mar. 1-3, 1999, 115-127. 

Activators Activators selectively react with particles to cause the collector to surface. The classic example, as mentioned above, is the use of copper sulfate for the activation of zinc sulfide so that it can be collected by standard sulfide mineral collectors. Another example is the surfacing of lead carbonate, copper carbonate, and copper oxide with the use of sodium sulfide so that collection is also possible by the sulfide collectors. 

Natarajan, R., Kamalakanan, P. and Nirdosh, I. (2003) Applications of topological indices to structure-activity relationship modelling and selection of mineral collectors. Indian J. Chem., 42, 1330-1346. 

Solubility products of collector-metallic ion compounds (see Appendix C) suggest that the sulfide mineral collectors such as xanthates, mercaptans and thiophosphates containing sulfur bonding atom in the minerophilic group can form compounds of low solubility products with ions of elements with affinity for copper(II). They can not form insoluble... 

Moudgil and co-workers and Soto and Iwasaki have attributed the loss of selectivity to electrostatic forces encountered in the above mineral-collector systems. It was therefore, decided to modify the flotation behavior of apatite and dolomite by adding salts such as sodium chloride, in this paper, flotation results with dodecylamine hydrochloride collector are discussed. Flotation studies with sodium oleate collector have been discussed elsewhere. ... 

Mineral Collector Dosage (g/t) Frother (g/t) Concentrate grade of Cu (%) Recovery rate of Cu (%)... 

Cappuccitti, F. R. 1994. Current trends in the marketing of sulphide mineral collectors. In Reagents for Better Metallurgy. Ed. P. S. Mulukutla, SME-AIME, Littleton, CO [Chap. 8, 67]. 

Natarajan, R., and Nirdosh, I. 2008. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) approach for the selection of chelating mineral collectors. Min. Eng. 21 1038. 

Gibbsite is a monochnic aluminium hydroxide mineral with composition Al(OH)3 (Megaw, 1934). It is named after the American mineral collector G. Gibbs (1776-1833) and was first described by Torrey in 1822. Gibbsite is also known as hydraigillite and is polymorphous with bayerite (monoclinic), doyleite... 

In the early lithium operations prior to 1960 a 610 m adit was used to enter underground workings in the lepidolite deposit at the 61 m level. Cars were loaded through overhead chutes, and then hauled by diesel locomotives to the beneficiation plant 450 m from the adit. The ore was crushed to about a — 76 mm size and screened, the waste removed by hand sorting from a conveyor belt, and the waste and fines stockpiled for potential future use. The concentrates were often of almost mineral collector s appearance, and they were trucked to the port at Beira for overseas shipment, and later delivered by the Rhodesian Railways. Petalite was mined in an open pit, and also hand sorted, but amblygonite was only obtained by selective hand mining in outcrop areas (Kesler, 1960). 

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