Mineral binders

Mineral binder Waste from production of epoxide resins [1097]... 

Y. R. Leonov, M. E. Lamosov, S. A. Ryabokon, V. A. Mosin, B. G. Dzetl, F. G. Mamulov, O. G. Bobrov, and V. M. Savoskin. Plugging material for wells in the oil and gas industry—contains mineral binder and powder waste from production of epoxide resins as epoxide resin-based additive. Patent RU 2036297-C, 1995. 

This technology (16, 17) produces sulphur concrete blocks by a manufacturing process very different from a hot poured sulphur concrete system. Solid sulphur, aggregate, liquid and a mineral binder are mixed together cold and compacted into a mold. Because of the presence of the small amount of liquid and mineral binder, the product retains its shape, although at this point the sulphur is not binding the product together in any way. The block is then dried to remove the liquid and heated in an oven to melt the sulphur. 

ARCILLA RESEARCH is a small, Dutch-based, technology enterprise which has developed a special body of techniques and materials based on a mineral binder system, whereby products with ceramic-like properties are cured rather than fired. In partnership with industry, university and government institutions, Arcilla is developing innovative products and systems to meet high technical specifications and which impact upon the environment, physical resources and mass needs. The mineral binder system and range of new materials are neither cements nor ceramics yet offer many of the advantages of both. Three units have... 

Ceramic materials, bonded by a mineral binder system which cures at ambient temperature, have been formulated to be sprayed on the outside of an air-inflated form or mold. The combination of chemically-bonded ceramics and pneumatic technologies heralds a dramatic breakthrough in construction cost, efficiency, strength and design flexibility. 

Wood-based panel products are usually bonded with synthetic adhesives based on condensates of phenol, resorcinol, urea, or melamine with formaldehyde. Particleboards and fiberboards can also be bonded with mineral binders like cement or gypsum. Wood adhesives derived from natural products have more... 

Mineral binders such as gypsum make the stationary phase fragile, yet serve to advantage to recover the compounds after their separation. This can be done by scraping the zones of interest from the support and extracting the present compounds with a solvent. 

Polak, A..F., Solidification of Mineral Binders, Promstroyizdat, Moscow, 1966 (in Russian)... 

Duriez [1] imderlines the necessity of considering the ternary system mineral-binder-water to explain the affinity for coating wet materials on the one hand and the stripping of coated materials by water on the other hand. He emphasizes the role played by dopes as modifiers of the absolute value of the adhesion tensions of water and binder on the minerals, which are the motivating factors behind the development of coating, the viscosity of the binder and the roughness of the stone acting as a brake. 

As far as tin dioxide is concerned, however, it seems no commercial ink exists. This has led our laboratory to produce a new paste. The mineral binder is produced using an organic precursor tin alkoxide. Its thermal decomposition produces tin dioxide. Tin alkoxide allows us to chemically bind the substrate and the initial silicon powder. In practice, the paste is composed of tin dioxide grains (average size 0.5 pm), tin alkoxide and an organic solvent (hquid). The proportions are given in Table 7.4. 

This method, which prevents the use of a mineral binder different from the deposited compound, also allows us to keep a homogenous electric conductivity in the film. 

Mineral binders Cement and gypsum have limited, but increasing, use as binders. Portland cement is used in producing wood wools slabs and cement-bonded particle board. Only a limited number of species, such as spruce, can be used, since most species contain chemicals that inhibit the curing of the cement. 

These expressions are further used in the analysis of the behavior of AF as a function of the various parameters. The challenge here is to overcome the mental barrier associated with the traditional formal approach to this problem. Particular examples of real physical processes and states reflecting various types of behavior of AF include the peptization-coagulation transition in colloid sols and particle bridging in the course of the hydration hardening of mineral binders. 

In agreement with the concepts developed by Polak [10], the appearance of a contact nucleus may take place when the new crystalline phase forms in the contact zone between the newly formed crystals in the course of crystallization from metastable solutions. The bridging of crystals results in the formation of fine disperse polycrystalline products, such as those formed during hydration hardening of mineral binders and cements. 

Crystallization disperse structures can also form in aqueous suspensions of other singlecomponent mineral binders. For instance, the hydration hardening of MgO results in the formation... 

First, there is the formation and preservation of nanosize systems under conditions when kinetic and structural factors prevent the transition of the new phases into a macroscopic phase. This includes the processes of the hydration hardening of various mineral binders. 

In order to control the formation and development of structure in the processes of the hydration hardening of mineral binders, electrolytes are used in addition to surfactants. This allows one to... 

Formation of Contacts between the Particles and the Development of Internal Stresses during the Hydration Hardening of Mineral Binders... 

The studies conducted indicate that the fine disperse filler added to mineral binders did not act solely as a substrate support for the hydration nuclei, but played an important role as an active structure-forming element and took direct part in the contact formation process. 

The kinetics of mineral binder hydration and the strength of the resulting structures may be significantly impacted by the addition of surfactants or electrolytes. These additives cause chemical modification of the surfaces of the particles making up the structure. A common viewpoint is that... 

The studies conducted clearly showed that internal stresses developed in the course of the hardening of all studied mineral binders. However, they could show up in both elastic and plastic deformations depending on the crystal hardness and the degree of dispersion. 

The effect of hardening conditions on internal stresses (Adid) was studied using specimens of finely disperse Mg(OH)2 with a surface area on the order of tens of mVg. The results indicated a considerable dependence of the internal stresses on the degree of supersaturation, a (a = c/Cq, c, concentration Co, equilibrium solubility), reached in the course of the hydration of a mineral binder in an aqueous slurry. The AdId values increased with both the ino-ease in the degree of dispersion and the decrease in the W/S ratio, as shown in Table 6.12. 

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