Mimetic systems

Montenegro, M.A. Nazareno, M.A Durantini, E.N. Borsarelli, G.D. (2002). Singlet oxygen quenching ability of carotenoids in a reverse micelle membrane mimetic system. Photochemistry and Photobiology, Vol. 75, No. 4, (April 2002), pp.353-361, ISSN 0031-8655... 

Kosol S, Zangger K (2010) Dynamics and orientation of a cationic antimicrobial peptide in two membrane-mimetic systems. J Struct Biol 170 172-179... 

Hink M. and Visser A. J. W. G. (1999) Characterization of Membrane Mimetic Systems with Fluorescence, in Rettig W. et al. (Eds), Applied Fluorescence in Chemistry, Biology and Medicine, Springer-Verlag,... 

Accomplishments and potential of the mimetic approach to advanced materials is surveyed in the present monograph. Emphasis will be placed primarily on aqueous, wet colloidal methodologies since water is the milieu for the biochemical processes to be mimicked. The interpretation of the mimetic approach will be somewhat broad. It will allow a discussion of advanced materials prepared by molecular organization and compartmentalization, as well as of those generated in the different mimetic systems. 

Description of the different mimetic systems will be the starting point of the presentation (Sect. 2). Preparation and characterization of monolayers (Langmuir films), Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films, self-assembled (SA) mono-layers and multilayers, aqueous micelles, reversed micelles, microemulsions, surfactant vesicles, polymerized vesicles, polymeric vesicles, tubules, rods and related SA structures, bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs), cast multibilayers, polymers, polymeric membranes, and other systems will be delineated in sufficient detail to enable the neophyte to utilize these systems. Ample references will be provided to primary and secondary sources. 

Only a brief description of the different mimetic systems will be provided in this section. Selected examples of recent research will be given to enliven the presentation references citing the original work should be consulted for greater details. 

Creative interplay between colloid and polymer chemistries has increasingly contributed to the development of membrane-mimetic systems and advanced materials. On the one hand, the employment of polymer methodologies and/or the addition of polymers have favorably altered the properties of colloidal systems. On the other hand, the introduction of surfactants and surfactant assemblies prior, during, or subsequent to polymerization has resulted in distinctly different polymers. 

Construction of artificial systems which imitate the essentia] functions of biological membranes molecular compartmentalization, organization, and discrimination. Advanced materials are in situ generated in, or incorporated into, membrane-mimetic systems. A molecular-level understanding of the membrane-mimetic hosts and the advanced-material guests is a given. 

Generally refers to the change from a crystalline to a liquid-like state in membranes and membrane-mimetic systems. The temperature (or the range of temperatures) at which the crystalline phase is converted to the liquid phase is referred to as the phase transition temperature. 

In the design of any type of turn mimetic systems, there are a number of concerns and criteria that need to be addressed. The interaction of the amino acid side chains with their complementary receptor groups is the critical determinant of biological specificity. A successful inducer or mimic must limit the possible conformational arrays and thereby correctly... 

Reviews have already been published by J. H. Fendler on Polymerized Surfactant Vesicles 91 92,931 which refer to Novel Membrane Mimetic Systems , synthetic strategies leading to them and their characterization and potential utilization in various areas such as solar energy conversion and reactivity control. It is the intend of this appendix to bring the reader up to date on the state of the art of polymerized liposomes. 

Outlook Towards More ECM-Mimetic Systems and Cell Manipulation. 97... 

Micelles and microemulsions have been explored as membrane mimetic systems since they possess charged microscopic interfaces which act as barriers to the charge recombination process (Fendler et al., 1980 Hurst et al., 1983). Namely, the influence of the location of the sensitizer on photoinduced electron transfer kinetics and on charge separation between photolytic products in reversed micelles has been studied (Pileni etal., 1985). 

Substrate organization in membrane mimetic systems leads to altered solvation, ionization and reduction potentials and, hence, to altered reaction rates, paths and stereochemistries. These properties have been advantageously exploited, in turn, for reactivity control, catalysis, drug delivery and artificial photosynthesis (8). There are only limited examples of the utilization of membrane mimetic systems in permeability control. In order to gain insight into this important area, we have initiated a research program in BLMs. A status report of our activities in this area will be summarized in the next section. 

Potential development of industrially robust enzyme-mimetic systems to allow for specific biotransformations. These mimics would be catalytically active but not be dependent upon the amino acid backbone of existing enzymes. 

Access to peptide mimetics and enzyme inhibitors was accomplished by the construction of pyridylalanine derivatives [139], Once incorporated into peptides, the resultant structure was capable of coordinating to cations. The desired amino acid 397 was prepared from 396 by a Heck reaction using an acrylic acid ester followed by hydrogenolysis. This species could then be incorporated into the desired mimetic system 398 that was capable of complexation with europium ions. 

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