Milk supplements

Hopkins stated further that he was able to obtain growth in rats on diets composed of amino acid mixtures only when small amounts of "yeast-extract etc. were added." He said nothing whatsoever about the milk supplements which underlie his entire 1912 paper. 

But this only adds to the mystery. Examination of the growth curves of the 1922 paper in particular shows that rats being given a milk supplement on a B-deficient diet grew poorly if at all. 

Sewage wastes contain as much as 4 ppm of vitamin Bi2 (Hoover et al. 1952B Miner and Wolnak 1953). Although frowned on for aesthetic reasons as a source of vitamin Bi2 for human nutrition, wastes from activated sludge processes may well provide the cheapest source for preparation of vitamin Bi2 concentrates used in cattle feed. Symbiotic growth of lactic and acetic acid bacteria has been recommended for producing sour milk products biologically enriched with vitamin Bi2 (Rykshina 1961). Acetic acid bacteria cultured in whey fortified with cobalt salts led to an 80-fold increase in vitamin B12. Propionic acid bacteria in skim milk supplemented with dimethylbenzimidazole increased the vitamin content by 300-fold. 

St-Onge, M. P., Goree, L. L., and Gower, B. (2009). High-milk supplementation with healthy diet counseling does not affect weight loss but ameliorates insulin action compared with low-milk supplementation in overweight children. J. Nutr. 139, 933-938. 

A 6-month-old infant has been fed unmodified cow s milk supplemented with com flour. He was healthy except that he was severely anemic, and an X-ray of his wrist showed retarded bone development. His hemoglobin was only 4.5 g/dL, and he had an elevated serum alkaline phosphatase. He was treated with iron supplements, folate, and ascorbic acid to no avail. Then serum copper analysis was done, and it showed a level of 9 fig/dL (normal is 85-163 /ig/dL). Thereupon his diet was supplemented with copper sulfate, and he showed dramatic improvement. Address the following questions ... 

Oommen, B.S., Mistry, V.V., Nair, M.G. 2000. Effect of homogenisation of cream on composition, yield, and functionality of Cheddar cheese made from milk supplemented with ultrafiltered milk. Lait 80, 77-91. 

Furosine, a marker of the Maillard reaction product, is a valuable indicator of food protein quality. It is a marker for thermal treatment in foodstuffs and is directly related to the loss of lysine availability. IPC was employed to determine furosine content in beverages based on soy milk and cow milk supplemented with soy isoflavones [39]. Furosine was also analyzed in 60 commercial breakfast cereals to assess their protein nutritional values. The higher the protein content in the formulation, the higher the furosine levels [40]. A simple IPC technique that uses 1-octanesulfonic acid as the IPR allowed the selective determination of histamine levels in fermented food [41]. 

Notice from the table that human and cow milk fats have a relatively high content of shorter-chain (C10-C14) fatty acids. If you were to make a milk supplement using a plant source of oil, which might you use ... 

Multiple health organizations endorse breastfeeding as the optimal form of nutrition for human infants because of its potential advantages to the infant, including prevention of infectious diseases and its role in neurodevelopment. Despite these recommendations, the vast majority of infants worldwide are fed infant formulas (e.g., liquid or reconstituted powders) at some point in their first year of life, whether as their sole source of nutrition or in combination with human milk, supplemental foods, or both. Infant formulas have been modified over the years to improve flavor, increase shelf life and, recently, to mirror the composition of human milk and the performance of breastfeeding. 

Dierksen KP, Moore Q, Ingjis M, Wescombe PA, Tagg JR. The effect of ingestion of milk supplemented with salivaricin A-produdng Streptococcus salivarius on the bacteriodn-like inhibitory activity of streptococcal populations on the tongue. FEMS Microbiol EcoL 2007 59 584-591. 

Laso, N., Brugue, E., Vidal, J., Ros, E., Amaiz, J.A., Came, X., Vidal, S., Mas, S., Deulofeu, R., and Lafuente, M. 2007. Effects of milk supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (isomers cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) on body composition and metabolic syndrome. British Journal of Nutrition 98, 860-867. 

Capric acid showed a low antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus strains at a 10 mM concentration. A similar effect has been demonstrated against Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus uheris strains, which were incubated, for 1 minute, in the milk supplemented with 100 mM caprylic acid (C8 0) (Nair et al., 2005b). 

A change from modified to undiluted cows milk (supplemented with Vitamins A, D and C) is recommended after 6 months of age and is appropriate once the child drinks from a cup, around 8 to 10 months. By 1 year of age, bottle feeding should be discontinued and the child should be encouraged to feed himself much of the family meal pattern, after chopping or mashing, is appropriate to provide suitable meals 3 or 4 times daily. 

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