Military spending

Subsidies represent an often hidden financial benefit that is given to particular energy sources by government institutions in the form of tax credits, research and development (R rD) funding, limits on liability for certain kinds of accidents, military spending to protect Middle East oil supply lines, below-market leasing fees for use of public lands, and other... 

Military spending, after 9/11 attacks, and advanced materials research, 1 706 Milk... 

Malcolm Chalmers, Paying for Defence Military Spending and British Decline (London Pluto Press, 1985), p. 114. 

Actions may fit into multiple categories. For example, the 9/11 terrorists misappropriated airplanes, crashed them into the World Trade Center and Pentagon, causing fire, mass casualties, and dismption of communications and financial market activity, not to mention hundreds of billions of dollars in military spending and the lives lost in subsequent military action. 

The discussion of basic and applied research naturally led to a consideration of public support for chemists activities. Professor Lehn pointed out that the Ravello meeting was funded by NATO, a military organization, and that one might expect that governments will consider a reallocation of funds that are presumably becoming available at the present time when military spending is being reduced dramatically. 

Chamberlin, Jeffrey. 2004. Comparisons of US and Foreign Military Spending Data from Selected Public Sources. Order Code RL32209. Report for Congress. Washington, DC Congressional Research Service. 

Share of world military spending in US, 2009, % Deployed and other nuclear warheads, 2010... 

My military friend," he told me, is like all soldiers—he thinks politicians are too timid. He says if we didn t spend so much time worrying about the British and would let him show us what his men can do, we d have fewer troubles."... 

Military bioterrorism defense spending for civilians in the previous two fiscal years averaged about 200 million. The analysis says, though, that those figures do not truly account for all Pentagon funding for civilian bioterrorism defense measures. Some DOD research has direct civilian benefit, but because the majority of these funds are primarily military in application, these lines were excluded from calculation of total DOD expenditures, it says. 

Of late, many new ceramic materials have been developed for use in the various military and space programs. It is not possible to list them in this short section. Besides, this field is imder-going very rapid changes and new materials appear almost monthly. The reader is therefore advised to spend some time consulting the pertinent trade literature before proceeding with the experiment. He may find such investment of time very worthwhile, because it may result in a simpler, better, more convenient and cheaper experimental arrangement. 

Both the Munitions Assessment Review Board (MARB) and the author misidentified one type of shell found in the pits. Because the PINS instrument correctly read sihcon dioxide as part of the contents, we believed that those shells were practice rounds filled with sand. It now appears that they were chemical shells filled with Kieselgur, a substance intended to keep the gas closer to the ground and make it more persistent. Whatever gas they were already filled with had either leaked or was one of the many odd ones not recognized by the PINS, which only identified six common chemical agents. This lapse underscores the need to spend a year or more studying the history of a site, and the general military developments which occurred during the site s operation. 

As the fleet of military aircraft and support equipment ages, the damage caused by corrosion becomes an increasing concern. The aircraft spend a longer time in depots for maintenance and repair, which leads to a decrease in readiness and an increase in cost to maintain the aircraft. Moreover, a possible loss of integrity of the structure is possible if the corrosion goes undetected and becomes severe. 

However, it is less well known why men of science abandoned their commitments to intemationality and communality - values which, while often honoured more in the breach than the observance, had served usefully in the conduct of European science for over a century. Indisputably, scientists became crusaders, overtaking political and military leaders in their zeal to apply science to the war effort. Nowhere was this feature so pronounced as in chemistry. In the United States, a new willingness on the part of scientists nourished a scientific-military-industrial complex, linked to special relationships among the Allies, that has continued to the present day. For Arthur Noyes and other chemists, the war was the first taste of work that was deemed of demonstrable and immediate importance to the general community, and their first experience in spending money freely. As a consequence, chemistry, interwoven with... 

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