Midge Chironomus

Sediment Toxicity. Because of their low solubiUty ia water and lipophilic nature, phthalates tend to be found ia sediments. Unfortunately httle work has previously been carried out on the toxicity of phthalates to sediment dwelling organisms. Eor this reason ECPI has commissioned some sediment toxicity studies designed to measure the effect of DEHP and DIDP ia a natural river sediment on the emergence of the larvae of the midge, Chironomus riparius. 

Cadmium uptake from the medium by aquatic organisms usually increased with increasing water temperature in the range of 5 to 25°C in the case of midge (Chironomus riparius) larvae,... 

Abnormal movement patterns of larvae of the midge Chironomus tentans at 100 pg/L in 48 h (Catalan 1982)... 

Midge, Chironomus ninevah 0, 20, 100, 150, or 200 (jg/L for 21 days (eggs through fourth stage larvae)... 

Midge, Chironomus sp. 30 pg/L for 96 h Midge, Tanytarsus dissimilis, 16.3 pg/L for 10 days Various species 25 pg/L for 10 days in outdoor experimental streams... 

Midge, Chironomus tentans, fourth-instar larvae 0.015-0.93 pg/L exposed for 24 h in Normal burrowing behavior 8... 

Fisher, S.W. 1986. Effects of temperature on the acute toxicity of PCP in the midge Chironomus riparius Meigen. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 36 744-748. 

Fisher, S.W. and R.W. Wadleigh. 1986. Effects of pH on the acute toxicity and uptake of (14C) pentachlo-rophenol in the midge, Chironomus riparius. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 11 1-8. 

In ecotoxicology testing, the invertebrate phyla are often omitted, or a single species such as the midge Chironomus riparius or the common mussel Mytilus edulis may be... 

Environment Canada (1997) Test for survival and growth in sediment using larvae of the freshwater midges (Chironomus tentans or Chironomus riparius). Report No. EPS/l/RM/32, Environment Canada, Ottawa... 

Looser, P. W., Fent, K., Berg, M., Goudsmit, G.-H. and Schwarzenbach, R. P. (2000). Uptake and elimination of triorganotin compounds by larval midge Chironomus riparius in the absence and presence of Aldrich humic acid, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 5165-5171. 

LC50 (10-d) for amphipod Hyalella azteca) 18.4 mg/L, midge Chironomus tentans) 3.3 mg/L, Juvenile fathead minnows 27.1 mg/L (Nebeker and Schuytema, 1998). 

NOEL (10-d) for midge Chironomus tentans) 1.9 and 3.4 mg/L, juvenile fathead minnows <3.4... 

Kosalwat, P. and Knight, A.W. Acute toxicity of aqueous and bound substrate bound copper to the midge, Chironomus decorus. 

Buhl, K.J. and N.L. Faerber (1989). Acute toxicity of selected herbicides and surfactants to larvae of the midge Chironomus riparius. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 18 530-536. 

Bervoets, L., De Bruyn, L., Van Ginneken, L. and Blust, R. (2003) Accumulation of 137Cs by larvae of the midge Chironomus riparius from sediment effect of potassium, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 22 (7), 1589-1596. 

Besser, J.M., Kubitz, J.A., Ingersoll, C.G., Braselton, W.E. and Giesy, J.P. (1995) Influences on copper bioaccumulation, growth, and survival of the midge, Chironomus tentans, in metal contaminated sediments, Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health 4 (3), 157-168. 

Huuskonen, S.E., Ristola, T.E., Tuvikene, A., Hahn, M.E., Kukkonen, J.V.K. and Lindstrom-Seppa, P. (1998) Comparison of two bioassays, a fish liver cell line (PLHC-1) and a midge (Chironomus riparius), in monitoring freshwater sediments, Aquatic Toxicology 44 (1-2), 47-67. 

Maier, K.J. and Knight, A.W. (1993) Comparative acute toxicity and bioconcentration of selenium by the midge Chironomus decorus exposed to selenate, selenite, and seleno-DL-methionine, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 25 (3), 365-370. 

P ry, A.R.R., Ducrot, V., Mons, R. and Garric, J. (2003) Modelling toxicity and mode of action of chemicals to analyse growth and emergence tests with the midge Chironomus riparius, Aquatic Toxicology 65 (3), 281-292. 

Ristola, T., Parker, D. and Kukkonen, J.V.K. (2001) Life-cycle effects of sediment-associated 2,4,5-trichlorophenol on two groups of the midge Chironomus riparius with different exposure histories, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 20 (8), 1772-1777. 

Sibley, P.K., Ankley, G.T., Cotter, A.M. and Leonard, E.N. (1996) Predicting chronic toxicity of sediments spiked with zinc an evaluation of the acid-volatile sulfide model using a life-cycle test with the midge Chironomus teutons, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 15 (12), 2102—2112. 

Stuijfzand, S.C., Drenth, A., Helms, M. and Kraak, M.H. (1998) Bioassays using the midge Chironomus riparius and the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha for evaluation of river water quality, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 34 (4), 357-363. 

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