Microwave tissue irradiation

Shiurba RA, Spooner ET, Ishiguro K, et al. Immunocytochemistry of formalin-fixed human brain tissues microwave irradiation of free-floating sections. Brain Res. Brain Res. Protoc. 1998 2 109-119. 

A rapid preseparation technique was developed for the extraction of SAL from various chicken tissues using the irradiation of the sample in EtOH-2-PrOH for 9 s in a common household microwave oven. The extract was analyzed without further cleanup and detected via postcolumn reaction with DMABA at 86°C. Recoveries ranged between 87% and 100% (105). 

Hanyu, Y., Ichikawa, M., and Matsumoto, G. 1992. An improved cryofixation method Cryoquenching of small tissue blocks during microwave irradiation. J. Microsc. 165 255-271. Harnish, D. C., Scicchitano, M. S., Steven, J., Adelman, C., Lyttle, R., and Karathanasis, S. K. 2000. The role of CBP in estrogen receptor cross-talk with nuclear factor-kB in hepG2 cells. 

Kitayama, Y., Igarashi, H., and Sugimura, H. 2000. Initial intermittent microwave irradiation for fluorescence irradiation for fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis in paraffin-embedded tissue sections of gastrointestinal neoplasia. Lab. Invest. 50 779-781. 

McMahon, M. J., and McQuaid, S. 1996. The use of microwave irradiation as a pretreatment to in situ hybridization for the detection of measles virus and chicken anaemia virus in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Histochem. J. 28 157-164. 

Strater, J., Giinthert, A. R., Briiderlein, S., and Moller, P. 1995. Microwave irradiation of paraffin-embedded tissue sensitizes the TUNEL method for in situ detection of apoptotic cells. Histochemistry 103 157-160. 

L7. Leong, A.-Y.,Milios, J., andDuncis,C. G., Antigen preservation in microwave-irradiated tissues A comparison with formaldehyde fixation. J. Pathol. 156, 275-282 (1988). 

Boon ME, Marani E, Adriolo PJM, et al. Microwave irradiation of brain tissue production of microscopic slides within one day. J. Clin. Pathol. 1988 41 590-593. 

Dissection of organs and tissues. Mincing. Digestion (microwave irradiation, high-pressure mineralization, wet digestion) Dissection of organs and tissues. Mincing. Extraction Solvent extraction and clean-up, Derivatization... 

Immunohistochemical localization of adducts can be accomplished using antiserum developed and characterized for quantitative immunoassays. The 3-(cystein-S-yl)aceta-minophen protein adduct is associated with the toxicity of the prototjqje hepatotoxin, acetaminophen. Immunohistochemical localization of this adduct is described to illustrate the technique as an adjunct to other methods in the assessment of toxicity. This method provides direct correlation between presence of adduct and morphologic evidence of cell injury. Microwave irradiation was pioneered as a fixation method to simultaneously preserve tissue structiu e and adduct antigenicity. 

Comparison of Fixation Techniques. For microwave fixation, fresh tissues were trimmed to approximately 2 mm thickness, placed in plastic cassettes, and held in ice cold saline (30-120 minutes) until irradiation in a 700-watt oven set to hold at 60°C for 2 minutes (7). Microwave-fixed tissues were stored overnight in 70% ethanol at room temperature, processed routinely and then embedded in paraffin, sectioned, deparaffinized, and rehydrated using standard techniques. Other pieces of liver were similarly trimmed, then fixed by immersion in either 3.7% formaldehyde in neutral phosphate buffer (48 hours), 2% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer (2 hours), Bouin s solution (24 hours), or B-5 solution (4 hours). These tissues were similarly embedded in paraffin then sectioned routinely. In other studies, specimens of lung and kidney were fixed by microwave irradiation with the same schedule as liver. 

Always ensure that the tissue sections remain covered with buffer during the pretreatment step. Sections that are dry do not benefit from microwave irradiation since many proteins have to be hydrated in order to be susceptible to denaturation. 

Knierem K M, Medina M. A., and Stavinoha W B (1977) The levels of GABA m mouse brain following tissue inactivation by microwave irradiation / Neurochem 28, 885-886... 

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