Microscale technique

D.W. Mayo, S.S. Butcher, P.K. Trumper, R.M. Pike and S.S. Butcher, Microscale Techniques for the Organic Laboratory, J. Wiley Sons, New York, 1991. ISBN 0471621927. 

Y Ishihama, H Katayama, N Asakawa. Novel sulfated polymer-coated capillary for the determination of hydrophobicity and the dissociation constants of solutes in acidic regions. Proceedings of 10th International Symposium on HPCE and Related Microscale Techniques, Kyoto, 1997, p 112. 

G.P. Rozing presented at the 13th International Symposium on High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis and Related Microscale Techniques, Saarbriiken, Germany, February 2000. 

The use of microscale techniques has been demonstrated to be useful in understanding the fundamental mechanisms of simultaneous heat and mass transfer. Buffone et al. [11] have used miero-partiele image velocimetry (p-PIV) to map the velocity field of evaporating thin films in small eapillaries (Figure 9). 

In multiscale modeling approaches the microscopic behavior of a system is linked by a compression operator to the macroscopic state variable. The strategy is then to use the microscopic model to provide necessary information for extracting the macroscale behavior of the system. Such a combined macro-microscale technique is supposed to be much more efficient than solving the full microscopic... 

The next paper we will comment on in this section is a letter by Nakatami et al. [147] in which they describe a microscale technique to study the dynamics of adsorption. This technique, the single-microparticle injection, is basically an optical method that uses Lambert-Beer law to follow the concentration of methylene blue on the surface of a silica gel microparticle. Their main conclusions are that equilibrium is attained within 20 min, Langmuir equation describes the experimental adsorption isotherm, methylene blue molecules penetrate into the pores and the whole process is controlled by adsorbate diffusion in water. 

Bhatia and colleagues [6] used microscale techniques to exert spatial control over cell adhesion at the 1-100 pm scale to study diverse... 

Combined with microscale techniques, miniature object of photomechanical materials has found their applications as microactuators. Here, we introduce several microobjects based on the crosslinked PLCPs showing photocontrollable properties. 

Microscale organic experiments require you to develop careful laboratory techniques and to become familiar with apparatus that is somewhat unusual, compared with traditional glassware. We strongly recommend that each student do Laboratory Exercises 1 and 2. These exercises will acquaint you with the most basic microscale techniques. To provide a strong foundation, we further recommend that each student complete most of Experiments 2 through 18 in Part One of this textbook before attempting any other experiments in the textbook. 

The purpose of this experiment is to introduce the microscale technique for performing extractions and allow you to practice this technique. This experiment also demonstrates how extraction is used in organic experiments. 

A filtering pipette is a microscale technique most often used to remove solid impurities from a liquid with a volume less than 10 mL. It is important that the mixture being filtered be at or near room temperature because it is difficult to prevent premature crystallization in a hot solution saturated with a solute. 

Microscale Technique for Removing the Upper Organic Layer... 

For many experiments, it is necessary to remove the excess solvents to recover the product. Although an Erlenmeyer flask or beaker containing the solution could simply be left unstoppered in the hood until the solvent has evaporated, this is rather slow and impractical unless you like spending excessive amounts of time in the laboratory. A variety of techniques may be used to speed the process. Several other methods for removing solvents in miniscale experiments are shown in Figure 2.71, and the related microscale techniques are illustrated in Figure 2.72. 

As you carry out each reaction in the laboratory, try to obtain as high a percentage yield of product as possible. The reaction conditions in this book s experiments have been carefully developed if you master the microscale techniques for transferring reagents and isolating products, your yields wiU be as high as possible. 

Purpose. This experiment completes the synthesis of the photochromic imine, which is incorporated into the diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-ene skeleton. A rare molecular system is obtained in which an aziridine ring is fused to another heterocyclic ring. You will explore the exceedingly interesting photochromic properties of the target molecule. Microscale techniques are used during the conversion and isolation of this light-sensitive material. 

Thus, the experimentation contained in Chapter lOW can be adapted to several levels of undergraduate laboratory programs. For example, the study of these reactions can potentially make significant contributions to advanced undergraduate programs where microscale techniques are being introduced to research-oriented students for the first time. 

Bhatia and colleagues [2] used microscale techniques to exert spatial control over cell adhesion at the 1-100 p,m scale to study diverse phenomena in hepatocytes such as the effect of cell spreading on cell behavior and surface topology on cell migration. They developed a photolithographic cell patterning technique to study the relative... 

Studying reaction kinetics with much better time resolution as compared to microscale techniques. Microfluidic mixers are thus integral components essential for proper functioning of microfluidic devices for a wide range of applications. 

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