Microorganisms agricultural chemicals

Selenium metabolism and degradation are significantly modified by interaction with heavy metals, agricultural chemicals, microorganisms, and a variety of physicochemical factors. 

The Japanese people live in a delicate micr0eCOsystem that can be easily polluted by industrial chemical accidents and the use of persistent agricultural chemicals. An intensive scientific effort has led to the isolation and identification of biodegradable natural products for potential use in agriculture. These include microbial metabolites that have activity against plants, microorganisms, nematodes, and insects. 

Reports on the ability of microorganisms to selectively oxidize various types of sulfides to the corresponding chiral sulfoxides have grown significantly in the last few years (33). Chiral sulfoxides are evident in a variety of pharmaceutical and agricultural chemical compounds (33). The w hydroxylase from Pseudomonas oleovorans has been shown to produce a variety of chiral aliphatic sulfoxides from corresponding sulfides (34). Vinyl sulfox-... 

Use of Microorganisms and Enzymes in the Synthesis and Production of Optically Active Agricultural Chemicals... 

Section three also contains a discussion of the use of genetically engineered microorganisms to produce agricultural chemicals. This area of research will certainly grow enormously in the future as scaled-up techniques of chemical production become cost-effective. 

The 3,6-diposition-substituted pyridine compounds are important intermediates for industrial synthesis, especially for production of some agricultural chemicals. This compound can be obtained by chemically synthesized from pyridine, but the process is accompanied by some by-products. Microbial hydroxylation of aromatic compounds is a very efficient method of regioselective reaction. Several methods have been reported for the preparation of 3,6-disubstituted pyridine using microorganisms. In 1985, Lehky et al. reported the microbial production of 6-hydroxynicotinic acid (6-HNA) from nicotinic acid (NA) by Achromobacter xylosoxydans Nagasawa et al. also prepared 6-HNA from NA by using Pseudomonas fluorescens TN5. 

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