Microemulsion, polymer

Riess G, Nervo J, Rogez D. Emulsifying properties of block copolymers. Oil-water emulsions and microemulsions. Polym Eng Sci 1977 17 634—638. 

Novel oiganic/inorganic hybrid materials known as ceramers have been developed in recent years by Wilkes and co-workers. Such materials are an example of a 3D nanocomposite, meaning a material where the degree of dispersion is of the order of nanometers compared to the more common microcomposite scale. Familiar microcomposites include emulsions, filled elastomers, protective coadngs equivalent nanocomposites are microemulsions, polymer/sol-gel inorganic composites, self-assembled monolayers (2D nanocomposites). 

Qutubuddin, S., Lin, C.S. and Tajuddin, Y, Novel polymeric composites from microemulsions, Polymer, 35, 4606, 1994. 

Keywords Polymer blends Self-consistent field theory External potential dynamics Field-theoretic polymer simulations Polymeric microemulsion Polymer dynamics... 

In summary, as shown in Figure 9, the salinity shock design of mobility pol)niier solution can provide ultra low interfacial tension at microemulsion/polymer solution interface, reduce surfactant loss, and achieve high oil recovery efficiency. The poly-... 

Significant research efforts have been devoted to the free-radical polymerization of hydrophobic monomers [eg, ST, methyl methacrylate (MMA), and butyl acrylate (BA)] in 0/W microemulsions. The anionic surfactant SDS in combination with a short-chain alcohol (eg, C5OH) as the cosurfactant is the most popular stabilization package. However, as more polymer forms with the progress of polymerization, the increase of free energy as a result of the conformational limitation and/or incompatibility between polymer and cosurfactant results in the instability or turbidity of microemulsion polymer (16). When a cationic surfactant. 

In addition to the commercially available water-soluble polymers for the treatment of wastewater (37,38), the incorporation of various functional groups (eg, —OH, —COOH, and —SO3H) onto microemulsion polymer particle surfaces for biomedical applications certainly deserves more attention (39). These functionalized latex particles with a diameter of 20-30 nm exhibit an extremely large particle surface area and they are especially effective for the adsorption of proteins, immobilization of enzymes and antibodies, and controlled drug delivery. 

Iqbal, R., Rizvi, S., Akbay, C., and Shamsi, S. 2004, Chiral separations in microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography. Use of micelle polymers and microemulsion polymers. J. Chromatogr. A 1043, 291. 

Epinard, R, Mark, J.E., and Guyot, A., A novel technique for preparing organophilic silica by water-in-oil microemulsions. Polym. Bull, 1990, 24,173-179. 

Li, L., Li, B., Chen, J., Zhou, D., Xue, G., Liu, X. Glass transition and stmctural relaxation of nano-particle aggregates of atactic poly(methyl methacrylate) formed in microemulsions. Polymer 45, 2813 (2004)... 

Barton J, Tino J, Hlouskova Z, Stillhammerova M (1994) Effect of percolation on free radical polymtaization of acrylamide in inverse microemulsion. Polym Int 34 89-96... 

Li, W., Matyjaszewski, K. AGET ATRP of oligo(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate in inverse microemulsion. Polym. Chem. 3, 1813-1819 (2012)... 

Dunn A S 1989 Polymerization in micelles and microemulsions Comprehensive Polymer Science—the Synthesis, Characterization, Reactions and Applications of Polymers vo 4, ed G C Eastmond, A Ledwith, S Russo and P Sigwalt (New York Pergamon) pp 219-24... 

Barton J 1996 Free-radical polymerization in inverse microemulsions Prog. Polym. Sc/. 21 399-438... 

Microemulsions became well known from about 1975 to 1980 because of their use ia "micellar-polymer" enhanced oil recovery (EOR) (35). This technology exploits the ultralow iaterfacial tensions that exist among top, microemulsion, and bottom phases to remove large amounts of petroleum from porous rocks, that would be unrecoverable by conventional technologies (36,37). Siace about 1990, iaterest ia the use of this property of microemulsions has shifted to the recovery of chloriaated compounds and other iadustrial solveats from shallow aquifers. The latter appHcatioa (15) is sometimes called surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR). 

Effects due to the addition of water-soluble polymers (polyoxyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide, and polyvinyl alcohol) on water/AOT/decane w/o microemulsions have been reported [190],... 

By performing in situ the polymerization of acrylamide in water/AOT/toluene microemulsions, clear and stable inverse latexes of water-swollen polyacrylamide particles stabilized by AOT and dispersed in toluene have been found [192-194], It was shown that the final dispersions consist of two species of particles in equilibrium, surfactant-coated polymer particles (size about 400 A) with narrow size distribution and small AOT micelles (size about 30 A). 

Hilder, E.F. et al.. Separation of hydrophobic polymer additives by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography, J. Chromatogr A, 922, 293, 2001. 

W. T. Osterloh and M. J. Jante, Jr. Surfactant-polymer flooding with anionic PO/EO surfactant microemulsions containing polyethylene glycol additives. In Proceedings Volume, volume 1, pages 485 94. 8th SPE/DOE Enhanced Oil Recovery Symp (Tulsa, OK, 4/22-4/24), 1992. 

Surfactants and Colloids in Supercritical Fluids Because very few nonvolatile molecules are soluble in CO2, many types of hydrophilic or lipophilic species may be dispersed in the form of polymer latexes (e.g., polystyrene), microemulsions, macroemulsions, and inorganic suspensions of metals and metal oxides (Shah et al., op. cit.). The environmentally benign, nontoxic, and nonflammable fluids water and CO2 are the two most abundant and inexpensive solvents on earth. Fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon-based surfactants have been used to form reverse micelles, water-in-C02... 

Vitamin B12 derivatives are also effective catalysts for the electroreductive cyclization of bromoalkenes in conductive microemulsions,299 300 or for ring-expansion reactions in cyclic a-(bromomethyl)-(3-keto esters in DMF.301 Vitamin Bi2 attached to an epoxy-polymer has been used in electrosynthesis of valeronitrile by reductive coupling of iodoethane and acrylonitrile.302... 

A number of matrices have also been used for the preparation of semiconductor nanoparticles, whereby the particulate material is grown within and subsequently fills the cavities of the host material. These includes zeolites,361 glasses,362 and molecular sieves,363-365 and can be viewed as nanochambers which limit the size to which crystallites can grow. Other synthetic methods include micelles/microemulsions,366-369 sol-gels,370,371 polymers,372-377 and layered solids.378... 

Zhi, J., Wang, Y., Lu, Y., Ma, J. and Luo, G. (2006) In situ preparation of magnetic chitosan/Fe304 composite nanoparticles in tiny pools of water-in-oil microemulsion. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 66, 1552-1558. 

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