Micro/nanoparticles

The series is indeed being well received, and is growing prosperously. New volumes, on fractal properties of soil particles and physical techniques for micro/nanoparticle characterisation respectively, are in an early stage of preparation. As with all books in the series, these volumes will present critical reviews that reflect the current state of the art and provide guidelines for future research in the field. 

NMR NN NOM NP NR NTA NTS NV NVOC NVP nuclear magnetic resonance next-neighbor (interactions) nano-on-micro nanoparticle nanorod nitrilotriacetic acid nonadecenyltrichlorosilane nitrogen vacancy (defect sites) nitroveratryloxycarbonyl naphthalenylvinylpyridine... 

Mainardes RM, Urban MC, Cinto PO, et at. Liposomes and micro/nanoparticles as colloidal carriers for nasal drug delivery. Curr Drug Deliv 2006 3 275-85. 

Only within the past two decades has the great potential of electrochemical studies of single micro/nanoparticles (or of their assemblies) been truly realized, and important advances have been made subsequently, both with respect to the experiments as well as to the theoretical basis of this topic. Among the different experimental approaches developed to assess the electrochemistry of micro/nanoparticles, that of mechanically immobilizing assemblies of micro/nanoparticles onto inert electrodes has proved to be especially advantageous, for the following reasons ... 

Yap, F. L. and Zhang, Y., lYotein and cell micropatterning and its integration with micro/nanoparticles assembly. Biosens Bioelectwn, 22, 775, 2007. 

The main advantage of EHDA over conventional methods of micro-/nanoparticle production like emulsion/solvent evaporation is that EHDA eliminates or strongly decreases the need for surfactants. 

Capacitance-based microfluidic sensors characterize micro-/nanoparticles or cells by measuring capacitance change using integrated electrically charged and isolated pair electrodes in a microfluidic chip. 

By using the micro/nanoparticles and magnetic beads, the homogenous immimoassay without the separation of whole blood can be manipulated. However, the detection sensitivity is limited due to the complex whole blood enviromnent. For the heterogeneous immunoassay, the commercial... 

Keywords Biopolymer Characterization Industrial applications Micro-/ nanoparticles Preparation... 

The piezoresistive effect is a change in the electrical resistivity of a semiconductor or metal when mechanical strain is applied. Polymers that incorporate conductive fillers in the form of micro/nanoparticles or nanotubes can act as an insulator, semiconductor or conductor material, depending on the amount of the conductive fillers. Fig. 14.1 shows the evolution of logarithm of resistivity p with volume fraction of conductive fillers (f) for a nonconductive polymer matrix charged with conductive fillers. The resistivity-volume fraction plot can be divided into two distinctive zones ... 

Ishihara T, Mizushima T. Techniques for efficient entrapment of pharmaceuticals in biodegradable solid micro/nanoparticles. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010 7 565-75. 

Polymeric Micro/Nanoparticles Particle Design and Potential Vaccine Delivery Applications... 

Yue H, Ma G. Polymeric micro/nanoparticles particle design and potential vaccine delivery... 

Badiee, A., Heravi Shargh, V., Khamesipour, A., Jaafari, M.R., 2013. Micro/nanoparticle adjuvants for antileishmanial vaccines present and future trends. Vaccine 31 (5), 735—749. Baker, M.I., Walsh, S.P., Schwartz, Z., Boyan, B.D., 2012. A review of polyvinyl alcohol and its uses in cartilage and orthopedic apphcations. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B lOOB, 1451-1457. 

Numerous methods for synthesis and characterization of collagen-based biomaterials have been reported. The preparation methods depend on type of co-partner used to obtain biomaterials with improved and proper characteristics for targeted application. The combination of natural and/or synthetic polymers, inorganic micro-, nanoparticles, specific crosslinkers to protein chains, and thermal and/or mechanical treatments for collagen are described in the literature. 

No current device meets all of these parameters. Diffusion-controlled release is demonstrated by transdermal patches e.g., birth-control, nicotine, etc.), whereas particulates such as metallic micro-/nanoparticles have been used to ablate cancer cells by localized heating with near-IR light.Whereas normal blood vessels have pore sizes <100 nm, the vessels adjacent to cancer cells have pore sizes between 100 and 200 nm. Hence, if DDS particulates e.g.y liposomes, polymeric micelles, metallic nanoparticles) are of this size regime, they will automatically situate nearby cancer cells. However, it usually takes at least 1 day of blood circulation to accumulate sufficient amounts. In order to hide the particles from the immune system, the particulates must be covered with a stealth lipsome such as poly (ethyleneglycol), PEG otherwise, the particulates will be filtered out of the body via the liver as urine. 

Figure 14.4 a) Particle is marked by opsonins and b) PEG-coated micro/nanoparticle avoid opsonins recognition. 

In fact, an ideal loading rate and release profile of a designated macromolecule entrapped/encapsulated in NP requires the implementation of an appropriate preparation method. Among various parameters that may influence the final objectives, the protein loading capacity (LC), the protein release profile and the bioactivity of the protein seem to be the most important factors. The properties of micro/nanoparticles e.g. LC, release kinetics and particle size) largely depend on some factors related to the protein e.g. type and... 

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