Micro high-performance liquid chromatography detectors

Early in the development of capillary electrophoresis, it was noted that the successful detection of separated sample components present within the narrow confines of these capillary tubes posed a major challenge (2)- In response to this challenge, much research has been directed toward the development of sensitive and selective detectors for capillary electrophoresis. CE detector technology has been largely borrowed from the field of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), especially from micro-column HPLC. 

Wujian Miao illustrated a time line of various events in the development of ECL till 2002 (Fig. 1.3) [1]. As the time went on, this field attracted bulk of people to do research on ECL basic theory, emitters, mechanisms, applications, etc. Hence, advancements in the area of ECL increased exponentially over more than 45 years. After a long journey of almost half a century, ECL has now grown to be an incredibly potent analytical technique and been extensively used in many areas, such as criminology, forensic, environment, biomedical, biowarfare agent detection immunoassay [3], etc. This technique has also been effectively employed as a detector of flow injection analysis (FIA), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and micro total analysis (pTAS) [13]. 

Willmont, F.W. Dolphin, R.J. A novel combination of liquid chromatography and electron capture detection in the analysis of pesticides. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 1974,12, 695. McGuffin, V.L. Novotny, M. Micro-column high-performance liquid chromatography and flame-based detection principles. J. Chromatogr. 1981, 218, 179-187. Charlesworth, J.M. Evaporative analyzer as a mass detector for liquid chromatography. Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 1414-1420. 

High performance liquid chromatography was performed with a high pressure liquid chromatography apparatus equipped with a U.V. detector (280 nm). The U.V. monitor has an 8 pi flow cell. The chromatographic column was a 20 cm x 2.1 mm (internal diameter) pre-packed stainless-steel Micro-Pack" column (Varian, Palo Alto, Calif.,... 

Edkins, T. J. and D. C. Shelly, Measurement concepts and laser-based detection in high-performance micro separation, in HPLC Detection Newer Methods (G. Patonay, ed.), VCH, New York, 1992, pp. 1-15. Goodall, D. M. and D. K. Lloyd, A note on an optical rotation detector for high-performance liquid chromatography, in Chiral Separations (D. Stevenson and D. Wilson, eds.). Plenum Press, New York, 1988, pp.131-133. 

High-pressure liquid chromatography Analysis was performed by reverse-phase utilizing a Waters Associates chromatograph equipped with 30 cm X 4 mm i.d. micro Bondapak C g columns with 254-and 280-nm detectors at a flow rate of 60 ml/hr, using water-acetonitrile-acetic acid as a solvent system. 

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