MICKLEY

Mickley, H.S, Sherwood, T.K. and Reed, C.E. Applied Mathematics in Chemical Engineering, 2nd edn, (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1957). 

Mickley, H. S. Chem. Eng. Prog. 45 (1949) 739. Design of forced draught air conditioning equipment. 

Miyake K, Mickley L, Litman T, Zhan Z, Robey R, Cristensen B et al. Molecu-... 

Mickley LA, Lee JS, Weng Z, Zhan Z, Alvarez M, Wilson W et al. Genetic polymorphism in MDR-1 a tool for examining allelic expression in normal cells, unselected and drug-selected cell lines, and human tumors. Blood 1998 91(5) 1749—1756. 

Similar behavior has been reported by other researchers for both vertical and horizontal tubes, though the magnitude of the heat transfer coefficients change with operating conditions, (Mickley and Trilling, 1949 Vreedenberg, 1960 Botterill and Desai, 1972 Ozkaynak and Chen, 1980). 

The first type of model considers the heat transfer surface to be contacted alternately by gas bubbles and packets of closely packed particles. This leads to a surface renewal process whereby heat transfer occurs primarily by transient conduction between the heat transfer surface and the particle packets during their time of residence at the surface. Mickley and Fairbanks (1955) provided the first analysis of this renewal mechanism. Treating the particle packet as a pseudo-homogeneous medium with solid volume fraction, e, and thermal conductivity (kpa), they solved the transient conduction equation to obtain the following expression for the average heat transfer coefficient due to particle packets,... 

This packet renewal model has been widely accepted and in the years since 1955 many researchers have proposed various modifications in attempts to improve the Mickley-Fairbanks representation. Several of these modifications dealt with the details of the thermal transport process between the heat transfer surface and the particle packet. The original Mickley-Fairbanks model treated the packet as a pseudo-homogeneous medium with a constant effective thermal conductivity, suggesting that... 

Mickley, Sherwood, and Reed (M9) have discussed a useful method of empirically modifying a function to improve its fit of experimental data. The method would be applied when a particular rate equation... 

Mickley, Sberwood, and Reed Applied Mathematics in Chemical Engineering... 

While the cost of membrane based desalination has decreased over time with improving process efficiency, the cost of concentration disposal has remained relatively constant. Furthermore, disposal cost is unlikely to decrease in the future due to the simplistic and low-tech nature of the equipment required for concentrate management, and the range of nontechnical factors and limitations that determine the feasibility for each option (Mickley 2009). 

Fig. 3.1 Relative capital costs of common methods for concentrate disposal with increasing concentrate flow rate. Adapted from Mickley (2009)...

Ahmed, M., Shayya, W.H., Hoey, D., Mahendran, A., Morris, R., Al-Handaly, J. Use of evaporation ponds for brine disposal in desalination plants. Desalination 130(2), 155-168 (2000) Mickley, M. Treatment of Concentrate, Desalination and Water Purification Research and Development Program Report No. 155. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver (2009)... 

Mickley, M. Treatment of Concentrate, Desalination and Water Purification Research and Development Program Report No. 155. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver (2009)... 

When selecting a site for an injection well, it is crucial to understand the hydro-geological conditions to ensure any existing or potential fresh water supplies do not become contaminated. Potable aquifers are more likely to be found at shallower depths, while deep aquifers are more likely to be lower in quality and are less likely to be used as a water source (Mickley 2006). Siting injection wells away from areas known to by seismically active also helps to reduce the possibility of contaminating aquifers. The use of injection wells should also be avoided near recoverable resources like ores, coal, oil and gas (Mickley 2006). The selected receiving aquifer must be able to contain the volume of concentrate for the expected life of the plant (Chelme-Ayala et al. 2009). 

The drilling cost is determined by the depth of the well and the geology of the site. Tubing, casing and concreting costs all depend upon the depth and diameter of the well, and the selected material of construction (Mickley 2006). Since the flow rate of concentrate is less significant than the cost of construction, the diameter of... 

A pumping system is required to inject the concentrate into the well. The cost of pumps depends on the desired injection pressure and the volume of concentrate, and higher pressures and greater flow rates demand more costly pumps (Mickley 2006). 

Pretreatment is required to remove suspended solids from the concentrate and to reduce the likelihood of precipitates forming in the injection zone. Solids may be present in the concentrate, especially when filter backwash is blended with the concentrate prior to injection. Pretreatment costs include filtration of the solids and chemicals for pH adjustment (Mickley 2006). 

Operating costs for injection wells are significantly lower when compared to capital costs. They include labour for operation and maintenance, chemicals for pretreatment, and power for pump operation (Mickley 2006). During operation of the well, the power required for pumping is the most significant cost (Mickley 2006). 

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