Methylation, of e caprolactam

Methoxyphenylurea, 31,10,13 Methyl -acetylbenzoate, 32, 81 Methyl acrylate, 30, 65 32, 86 y-Methylallophanate, 32, 62 Methylamine, 30, 60 4 -Methyl-2-aminobenzophenone, 32,12 N-Methylaniline, 30, 62 31,110 N-Methylarylamines, preparation by reductive alkylation, 30, 59, 60 Methylation, of e-caprolactam, 31, 72 of quinacetophenone, with dimethyl sulfate, 31, 91 with methyl iodide, 31, 90 2-Methyl-3,l,4-benzoxaz-4-one, 32, 12 N-Methyl-a-bromo-n-butyranilide, 30, 63... 

Methylamine, 30, 60 Methylaniline, 30, 62 31, 110 N-Methylarylamines, preparation by reductive alkylation, 30, 59, 60 Methylation, of e-caprolactam, 31, 72 of quinacetophenone with dimethyl sulfate, 31, 91... 

Although the polymerization of e-caprolactam was described above, there is no difference in principle from the process flow sheets for centrifugal molding of items from other polymers and oligomers. Nevertheless, in most cases, the high temperatures used in lactam polymerization are not required, and the flow sheet as a whole is simplified. In industrial practice, poly(methyl methacrylate) pipes,172 and sheets of polyurethanes and unsaturated polyesters are obtained by centrifugal casting. 

Cp 2Y(/u,-Cl)YCp 2Cl reacts with oxygen-containing substrates to form monomeric adducts Cp 2YCl(L) (L = THF, benzophenone, methylmethacrylate, e-caprolactone, hexamethylphosphoramide, e-caprolactam, l-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, A, A -dimethylpropyleneurea). A bis-adduct, Cp 2YCl(e-caprolactam)2 was isolated when an excess of e-caprolactam was used. ... 

Early, in situ radical polymerization was used for the synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-CNT composites [82]. In situ polymerization was performed using the radical initiator 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile(AIBN). In this reaction, p-bonds in CNTs were initiated by AIBN, and therefore nanotubes could participate in PMMA polymerization to form a strong interface between the CNT and the PMMA matrix. PA6/CNT composites have been prepared by in situ polymerization of e-caprolactam in the presence of pristine and carboxylated CNTs. The e-caprolactam monomer was found to form an electron-transfer complex with CNTs and result in a homogeneous, polymerizable solution. The final composites can be spun into PA6/CNT fibers (Fig. 7) with excellent mechanical and electrical properties [83].This method is also suitable for the fabrication of thermosetting polymer composites with nanofillers. Bauhofer et al. [84] dispersed CNTs in an epoxy solution system based on a bisphenol-A epoxy resin and an amine hardener During nanocomposite curing, electric fields were used to induce the formation of aligned conductive nanotube networks. Recently, the in situ polymerization method... 

Lactams Lactams represent a special type of C=N system due to the tautomerization between the lactam (keto amine) and lactim (hydroxyimine) forms. The lactim form is much more favored for cyclic than for non-cyclic amides of carbocyclic acids. In the reaction of complex 2b with N-methyl-e-caprolactam, a simple ligand exchange reaction occurs and complex 87 can be isolated. With P-propiolactam, the alkenyl-amido complex 88 is formed, which indicates an agostic interaction. The reaction of complex 1 with e-caprolactam gives, after elimination of the alkyne and of molecular hydrogen, complex 89 with a deproto-nated lactam in a r]2-amidate bonding fashion [47]. 

With thermoplastics casting is, in general, not possible because of the high melt viscosity, except when polymerisation has still to take place the monomer or prepolymer is polymerised in the mould. This is, e.g. possible with PMMA and PA-6 (from methyl-methacrylate and caprolactam, respectively). 

Problem 16.56 Indicate the reactions involved and show the structures of the following condensation polymers obtained from the indicated reactants (a) Nylon 66 from adipic acid and hexamethylene diamine (b) Nylon 6 from e-caprolactam (c) Dacron from methyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol (d) Glyptal from glycerol and terephthalic acid (e) polyurethane from diisocyanates and ethylene glycol. ... 

Cyclization of a,abis(dimethylthiomethylene) ketones by phosphorus pentasulfide leads to 2,5-bis(methylthio)-l,6,6aA4-trithiapentalenes (equation 7) (71AHC(13)161, p. 185). Condensation of carbon disulfide with pyrrolidin-2-one in basic medium, followed by methylation of the reaction product, leads to methyl 3-(dimethylthiomethylene)-2-oxopyrrolidine-l-dithiocarboxylate. This compound, when treated with phosphorus pentasulfide and perchloric acid, yields the 2,5-bis(methylthio)-l,6,6aA4-trithia-2aA5-azacyclopenta[a/]pen-talen-2a-ylium cation. With e- caprolactam similar results are obtained (76BSF1200). 

Nomenclature The most recent IUPAC nomenclature is stressed throughout the book, but common nomenclature is also discussed and used to develop students familiarity. Teaching only the IUPAC nomenclature might be justifiable in theory, but such an approach would handicap students in their further study and use of the literature. Much of the literature of chemistry, biology, and medicine uses common names such as methyl ethyl ketone, isovaleric acid, methyl tert-butyl ether, -y-aminobutyric acid, and e-caprolactam. This book emphasizes why systematic nomenclature is often preferred, yet it encourages familiarity with common names as well. 

The reactivity of lactams towards bases and acids is greatly affected by substituents. For example, in the polymerization of C-monomethyl-e--caprolactams in the presence of water, the rate decreases with the methyl... 

The complex formed with BF3-OEt2 and Epichlorohydrin in DMF acts as a catalyst for the Beckmann rearrangement of oximes. Cyclohexanone, acetaldehyde, and syw-benzaldehyde oximes are converted into e-caprolactam, a mixture of iV-methyl-formamide and acetamide, and Al-phenylacetamide, respectively. 

Nyloprint, of BASF is a solid type of photosensitizer compound coated plate, around 1967. The solid photopolymerizing material is a combination of an alcohol-soluble polyamide (such as a polyamide copolymer of hexamethylene diammonium adipate and e-caprolactam), a vinyl monomer (such as bis-acrylamide, hexamethylene bis-acrylamide, triethylene glycol diacrylate, etc.), a photo-initiator such as benzoin methyl ether, and an inhibitor (such as hydroquinone) and maleic anhydride to function as a... 

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