Methylamino sources

Some plants regularly eaten by humans contain neurotoxins that pose serious health problems. On Guam, for example, the seeds of Cycas circinalis used to be an important source of carbohydrates. Seeds of Cycas rumphii were ground into flour for tortillas. However, the seeds contain jS-N-methylamino-i-alanine, a suspected excitotoxin that overstimulates and destroys nerve cells. This compound causes a parkinsonism-like disease in macaques (Spencer et al, 1987). Other toxins have been proposed to be responsible for the disease, among them cycasin, another cycad toxin (Stone, 1993). 

Cyanobacteria - the Jekyll and Hyde of marine organisms - are a novel source of potential new pharmaceutical compounds (2618-2620, 2662). On the other hand, toxic cyanobacterial blooms in lakes, rivers, and water storage reservoirs have occurred worldwide (2621, 2663, 2664). For example, 60 patients in a Brazil hemodialysis unit died after drinking water from a lake contaminated with cyanobacterial microcystins (2622), not unlike the toxicity of red tides (2623). Cyanobacteria also produce the highly toxic neurotoxin, p-N-methylamino-L-alanine, which may be produced by all cyanobacteria (2624, 2665). 

Dimethylamino. There are many more known sources of this radical than of the methylamino radical. Photolysis of dimethyl- and trimethylamine yields the radical by Reactions 10 and 11... 

Correlations between these alkaloids have been established, and it is shown that iV-deacetyl-epipachysamine is different from dictyophlebine, 3j5-methylamino-20a-dimethylamino-5a-pregnane, isolated from Dictyophleba lucida Epipachysamine-C is identical with dictyodiamine from the same source. The funtu-diamines-A and -B, isolated from Funtumia latifolia, are identical with epi-pachysamine-F and deacetyl-epipachysamine-A. 

Smith and Raymond (1985) produced a hexaazacyclohexadecane by reacting tris(aminoethyl)amine with bis(methylamino)methane in the presence of La(III). The bis(methylamino)methane was the source of the methylene group in the macrocycle. The La(III) complex prepared in this reaction is 10-... 

Of special importance is a mixed lithium-magnesium complex, since the individual metal enolates show much lower enantiofacial discrimination. (2/l,3/ )-Dipivaloyltartaric acid is not a useful proton source, however, tert-butyl alcohol, 3,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-2-imidazolidinone and 2-(Ar-isopropyl-Ar-methylamino)-l-phenylpropanoI (9-H) yield highly enantiomerically enriched (R)- or (S )-oc-damascone (11), especially in the presence of lithium (+)- or (-)-2-(Ar-iso-propyl-A -methylamino)-1 -phenylpropanolate (9-Li) as an auxiliary. 

EINECS 209-391-4 Foston Phosphinic acid, (4-(di-methylamino)-2-methylphenyl)-, sodium salt Sodium (4-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenyOphosphinate Toldimfos sodium Tonofosfan. A proprietary preparation of lol-dimibs sodium a source of phosphorus used for vet-erinary purposes. Soluble in H2O and EtOH. 

Certain individuals on Guam and other South Sea Islands exhibit an increased incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), parkinsonism and dementia. The absence of inheritable or transmissible factors in this syndrome led to a search for environmental causes and the identification of the false sago palm Cycas circinalis) as a likely source of the causative agent. This plant contains a number of potential neurotoxins including -N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), an agent with weak excitotoxic properties (Spencer et al., 1990). 

V -Methyl-L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (66) (Fig. 13.13) is found in plants of the genus Cycas, Cycadaceae, a gymno-spermous family. Several of these plants are used as human food sources in Oceania, whereas others are eaten by animals in the South Pacific and in Australia. A form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig s disease) used to be endemic among the Chamorros of Guam. An unusual amino acid N -methyl-L-amino-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (N -methylamino-L-alanine) (66), found in Cycas species. 

Ephedrine (l/ -25-2-methylamino-l-phenylpropan-l-ol) is an adrenergic amine present in many kinds of pharmaceutical preparations, obtained by synthesis or from natural sources. Belonging to the genus Ephedra (Ephedraceae), the Chinese species Ephedra sinica and Ephedra equisetina, also known as ma huang, and the Indian and Pakistani species E. gerardiana, E. intermedia, and E. major are the... 

Other sources of carboxylate salt surfactants include those derived from (1) tall oil byproducts of wood and paper manufacture, (2) condensation products of fatty acids with sarcosine [2-(iV-methylamino)ethanoic acid, (CH3)HNCH2COOH] and other amino acids and proteins, and (3) fatty acid esters of common hydroxy-acids such as lactic, tartaric, cirtic, and succinic acids. 

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