Methyl itaconic acid

Small concentrations of vinylcarboxyhc acids, eg, acryhc acid, methacrylic acid, or itaconic acid, are sometimes included to enhance adhesion of the polymer to the substrate. The abihty to crystalline and the extent of crystallization are reduced with increa sing concentration of the comonomers some commercial polymers do not crystalline. The most common lacquer resins are terpolymers of VDC—methyl methacrylate—acrylonitrile (162,163). The VDC level and the methyl methacrylate—acrylonitrile ratio are adjusted for the best balance of solubihty and permeabihty. These polymers exhibit a unique combination of high solubihty, low permeabihty, and rapid crystallization (164). 

Methylsuccinic acid has been prepared by the pyrolysis of tartaric acid from 1,2-dibromopropane or allyl halides by the action of potassium cyanide followed by hydrolysis by reduction of itaconic, citraconic, and mesaconic acids by hydrolysis of ketovalerolactonecarboxylic acid by decarboxylation of 1,1,2-propane tricarboxylic acid by oxidation of /3-methylcyclo-hexanone by fusion of gamboge with alkali by hydrog. nation and condensation of sodium lactate over nickel oxide from acetoacetic ester by successive alkylation with a methyl halide and a monohaloacetic ester by hydrolysis of oi-methyl-o -oxalosuccinic ester or a-methyl-a -acetosuccinic ester by action of hot, concentrated potassium hydroxide upon methyl-succinaldehyde dioxime from the ammonium salt of a-methyl-butyric acid by oxidation with. hydrogen peroxide from /9-methyllevulinic acid by oxidation with dilute nitric acid or hypobromite from /J-methyladipic acid and from the decomposition products of glyceric acid and pyruvic acid. The method described above is a modification of that of Higginbotham and Lapworth. ... 

Because the polymer degrades before melting, polyacrylonitrile is commonly formed into fibers via a wet spinning process. The precursor is actually a copolymer of acrylonitrile and other monomer(s) which are added to control the oxidation rate and lower the glass transition temperature of the material. Common copolymers include vinyl acetate, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, itaconic acid, and methacrylic acid [1,2]. 

Knowles reported the hydrogenation of a-phenylacrylic acid and itaconic acid with 15% and 3% optical purity, respectively, by using [RhCl3(P )3] [P = (R)-(-)-methyl-n-propylphenylphosphine] as homogeneous catalyst [38]. Horner found that a-ethylstyrene and a-methoxystyrene can be hydrogenated to (S)-(+)-2-phe-nylbutane (7-8% optical purity) and (R)-(+)-l-methoxy-l-phenylethane (3-4% optical purity), respectively, by using the complex formed in situ from [Rh(l,5-hexadiene)Cl]2 and (S)-(-)-methyl- -propylphenylphosphine as catalyst [39]. 

When assessing catalytic results reported for new ligands, one must bear in mind that their quality and relevance differ widely. For most new ligands only experiments with selected model test substrates carried out under standard conditions are available, and very few have already been applied to industrially relevant problems. The test substrates for alkenes used most frequently are Aceta-mido Cinnamic Acid (ACA) or its methyl ester (MAC), Methyl Acetamido Acrylate (MAA), ITaconic Acid or DiMethyl ITaconate (ITA, DMIT) and selected aryl enamides (Fig. 25.3). 

Anodic oxidation of 1,2-dicarboxylic acids as their alkali metal salts in concentrated aqueous solution gives the alkene with the loss of two molecules of carbon dioxide [125]. Succinic acid affords etltene and methylsuccinic acid ptopene [50]. Allene is obtained from itaconic acid and the isomeric methylmaleic and methyl-fumaric acids give propyne... 

Itaconic acid (Eastman) and 2-acetamidoacrylic acid (Fluka) were CP grade a tropic acid was prepared according to the literature (53). Ruthenium and rhodium trichlorides were obtained as trihydrates from Johnson Matthey Limited. (+)Diop was obtained from Strem Chemicals a literature synthesis provided (-)diop (7). Racemic methyl phenyl sulfoxide was a K K product. 

Figure 2.1.5 Potential platform chemicals considered for the controlled chemical transformation into fuel compounds and possible approaches to obtain novel biofuel motifs (5-HMF, 5-hydroxy methyl furfural LA, levulinic acid IA, itaconic acid EtOH, ethanol).

Another biofuel candidate that can be derived from LA is 2-methyl tetrahydro-furan (2-MTHF), which is obtained via the intermediate yVl in a reaction pathway that includes both dehydration and hydrogenation steps [99, 100]. In a comparable reaction, itaconic acid, a platform chemical produced industrially by fermentation of carbohydrates such as glucose, can be converted into 3-methyl tetrahydrofuran [100]. The hydrogen required to produce yVl may be obtained from formic acid, via transfer... 

In addition to the above-mentioned monomers, various acrylic and methacrylic esters, methacrylonitrile, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, methyl vinyl ketone, allyl alcohol, allyl amine etc., have been studied by Fischer... 

C5H604 itaconic acid 97-65-4 9.940E+09 66.660 5843 C5H120 methyl sec-butyl ether 6795-87-5 8.880E+09 61.720... 

C5H604 itaconic acid 97-65-4 4.185 5986 C5H13N02 methyl diethanolamine 105-59-9 4.366... 

Despite the successful syntheses reported last year, the gibberellin ring system still presents a challenge. An elegant route to the basic carbon skeleton has been described the Diels-Alder addition of methyl p-methoxycinnamylidene acetate and itaconic acid afforded the product (131), which was in turn converted... 

Polyitaconic add is converted completdy to the methyl ester with diazomethane (7), while Fisher esterification results in partial esterification of both itaconic acid homo- and copolymers (6). DMI homopolymers and its copolymer with butadiene can be reduced with lithium aluminum hydride to the polymeric alcohols, which on the basis of solubility, may under some conditions be partially cross-linked by intermolecular ester formation (6). Hydrazine converts polydimethyl itaccmate to the polymeric dihydrazide which is water-soluble and exhibits reducing properties. The hydrazide can be treated with aldehyde or ketones to form polymeric hydrazones (45). A cross-linked polymer of bi chloroethyl ita-conate) on treatment with trietlylamine, has been converted by partial quatemization to an anion exchange resin (46). 

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