Methyl bromide and sodium

The rate of this reaction is observed to be directly proportional to the concentration of both methyl bromide and sodium hydroxide It is first order m each reactant or second order overall... 

In most cases, 2-amino-l,3,4-thiadiazoles are alkylated on the ring nitrogen atom in position 3 (68). 2-Acylamino- and 2-tosyl-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles (69) are alkylated in the same position by alkyl halides in alkaline medium. One case is known, however, where the base directs the alkylating agent. 2-Acetylamino-5-benzylthio-1,3,4-thiadiazole (70) was methylated in the ring to 71 by methyl bromide and sodium methoxide (a), but in the acetylamino group to 72 by methyl iodide and potassium ier -butoxide in ier -butyl alcohol (6). ... 

The reaction between methyl bromide and sodium hydroxide is das.sified as a nucleophilic aliphatic substitution ... 

When equivalent amounts of methyl bromide and sodium iodide are dissolved in methanol, the concentration of iodide ion quickly decreases and then slowly returns to its original concentration. Account for this observation. 

Recall that the term kinetics refers to how the rate of a reaction varies with changes m concentration Consider the nucleophilic substitution m which sodium hydroxide reacts with methyl bromide to form methyl alcohol and sodium bromide... 

Ben-Yephet Y (1988) Control of sclerotia and apothecia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by metham-sodium methyl bromide and soil solarization. Crop Prot 7 25-27. doi 10.1016/0261-2194(88)90033-6... 

Miki and Hachiken reported a total synthesis of murrayaquinone A (107) using 4-benzyl-l-ferf-butyldimethylsiloxy-4fT-furo[3,4-f>]indole (854) as an indolo-2,3-quinodimethane equivalent for the Diels-Alder reaction with methyl acrylate (624). 4-Benzyl-3,4-dihydro-lfT-furo[3,4-f>]indol-l-one (853), the precursor for the 4H-furo[3,4-f>]indole (854), was prepared in five steps and 30% overall yield starting from dimethyl indole-2,3-dicarboxylate (851). Alkaline hydrolysis of 851 followed by N-benzylation of the dicarboxylic acid with benzyl bromide and sodium hydride in DMF, and treatment of the corresponding l-benzylindole-2,3-dicarboxylic acid with trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) gave the anhydride 852. Reduction of 852 with sodium borohydride, followed by lactonization of the intermediate 2-hydroxy-methylindole-3-carboxylic acid with l-methyl-2-chloropyridinium iodide, led to the lactone 853. The lactone 853 was transformed to 4-benzyl-l-ferf-butyldimethylsiloxy-4H-furo[3,4- 7]indole 854 by a base-induced silylation. Without isolation, the... 

Suppose a water solution was made up initially to be 0.01 M in methyl bromide and 1.0M in sodium ethanoate at 50°. In water, the SN2 rate constant for reaction of hydroxide ion with methyl bromide at 50° is 30 X 10-4 liter mole-1 sec-1, whereas that of ethanoate ion at 50° is 1.0 x 10-4 liter mole-1 sec-1. The ionization constant of ethanoic acid at 50° is 1.8 x 10-5. In the following, neglect the rates of the reactions of methyl bromide with water or ethanoic acid and any further reactions of ethanoate ... 

The great majority of experimental variants discussed for benzylation (see Sect. 2.1) has also been applied for the preparation of allyl ethers. Among them, the alkylation with allyl bromide and sodium hydride in a dipolar aprotic solvent is most frequently used for complete allylation. Reaction with the methylsulfinyl carbanion in DMSO to form an alkoxide, followed by the reaction with allyl bromide provides a convenient high-yield route to 2,3,6-tri-O-allyl-amylose [227], With the limited amount of reagent, 35% of methyl 2-0-allyl-3,6-dideoxy-a-D-xy/o-hexopyranoside was synthesized from the corresponding glycoside [228]. The 2-allyl ether was the major product (43 % yield) of the reaction of methyl 4,6-0-benzylidene-a-D-glucopyranoside with allyl bromide and 1.1 equiv. of sodium hydride in benzene [71]. 

This gas theory then demands the fulfillment of requirement (b) of Coward and Jones. From Table I it can be seen that to prevent the burning of the gases from cellulose by dilution with carbon dioxide would require a prohibitive amount of sodium carbonate. The relatively small amounts of methyl bromide and carbon tetrachloride required would indicate that a flameproofing agent liberating these would be of great value, but no such substance is known. 

Ethyl-l-Methyl-benzene, CH3C6H, C2HS mw 120.20, oil, sp gr 0.8588 at 20°/4fbp I62°nc 1.4929 at 24.4°. Prepd from 4-bromotoluene, ethyl bromide and sodium in eth... 

Treatment of 223 (R1 = R2 = H) with potassium hydroxide and alkyl bromides gave the N- and N,N-disubstituted compounds.261 The reaction of 223 (R1 = R2 = R3 = R4 = H) with methyl iodide and sodium ethoxide gave an N.N -dimethyl compound which on treatment with dilute sulfuric acid and then potassium hydroxide gave 237.265 The ultraviolet spectrum of 223 has been studied but no conclusions have been reached in regard to the tautomerism.281 The... 

Aromatic and aliphatic amino ethers have been synthesized by this method. An example of the formation of a cyano ether is the preparation of p-cyano benzyl methyl ether from the substituted benzyl bromide and sodium methoxide (84%). Also, certain aryloxyacetonitriles, AtOCHjCN, are made by the condensation of chloroacetonitrile with sodium phenoxides in a solution of methyl ethyl ketone containing a small amount of sodium iodide (70-80%). Aromatic nitro ethers, like o- and p-nitrodiphenyl ether, have been prepared by the Ullmann procedure (84%). The synthesis of alkyl p-nitrophenyl ethers has also been accomplished with good yields (55-92%). ... 

Stevens and Bisacchi have carefully examined the trailing of benzynes, generated fiom a number of aryl bromides and sodium amide in THF, with 1,1-dimethylethylene and report procedures which afford 6 6% yields of 1,1-dimethoxycyclobutenes, e.g. (131). These compounds are hydrolyzed quantitatively to the corresponding benzocyclobutenones (132). Excellent regioselectivity was obtained with unsym-metrical benzynes derived from methoxy substituted bromobenzenes due to the polarized nature of the benzyne intermediate. Steric effects also influence regioselectivity o-bromotoluene afforded a 3 1 mixture of 3-methyl- and 6-methyl-benzocyclobutene. 

Piperazin-2-one with benzyl chloride and sodium carbonate gave 4-benzyl-piperazin-2-one, which with acrylonitrile gave 4-benzyl-l-cyanoethylpiperazin-2-one or with butyl bromide and sodium in toluene formed 4-benzyl-1-butylpiperazin-2-one (1615) but (Z)-3-benzylidene-l-methylpiperazine-2,5-dione methylated with methyl iodide and silver carbonate produced (Z)-3-benzylidene-5-methoxy-1 -methyl-2-oxo-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrazine (88) and a small amount of (Z)-3-benzylidene-l,4-dimethylpiperazine-2,5-dione (89) (1616). 

Thallium dimethyl bromide may be obtained by the interaction of magnesium methyl bromide and thallic chloride, and crystallises from dilute ammonia containing sodium bromide in white, silver, glistening plates, wdiich do not melt at 275° C. When treated with silver fluoride it yields thallium dimethyl fluoride, which decomposes above C. It forms a hydrate containing 12 mols. 

An improved synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-lH-2,l-benzothiazin-4-one 2,2-dioxide (237) was reported by Lombardino and Treadway.154 N-Methyl-sulfonylanthranilic acid methyl ester (242) with benzyl bromide and sodium hydride gives the N-benzyl derivative (243) which directly cyclizes to l-benzyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-IH-2,1 -benzothiazine 2,2-dioxide (244). Catalytic hydrogenation of 244 then gave 237 (Eq. 49). Lombardino155 prepared... 

Cyanogen bromide and sodium 2-aminobenzoate readily give 2-cyan-aminobenzoic add, which cyclizes spontaneously to 2-aminobenz[3,l] oxazin-4-one (174) (quantitative overall yield), which is converted by methyl-amine to 3-methylquinazoline-2,4-dione in two stages but in excellent yield. Arylamines behave similarly.316... 

Suppose a water solution was made up initially to be 0.01 M in methyl bromide and 1.0 M in sodium acetate at 50°. In water, the Sj 2 rate constant for reaction of... 

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