Amyl-methyl ketone

Synonyms 2-heptanone amyl methyl ketone methyl- -amyl ketone 

Methyl amyl ketone is used as a flavoring agent and as a solvent in lacquers and synthetic resins. 

Colorless liquid with a fruity smell bp 150.6 C (303.08T) mp -26.9°C (- 16.42 F) density 0.8166 at20°C (68°F) soluble in alcohol, ether, and benzene, very slight soluble in water. 

Exposure to methyl amyl ketone caused irritation of mucous membranes, mild to moderate congestion of the lungs, and narcosis in test animals. A 4-hour exposure to a 4000-ppm concentration in air was lethal to rats 1500-2000 ppm produced lung irritation and narcosis. The concentration at which it produces similar symptoms in humans is not known. 

The oral toxicity of this compound is low. Its irritant action on skin should be low to very low. 

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Place a mixture of 114 g. (140 ml.) of methyl -amyl ketone (2-hepta-none) (1), 300 ml. of rectified spirit (95 per cent, ethyl alcohol) and 100 ml. of water (2) in a 1500 ml. three-necked fiask or in a 1500 ml. round-bottomed fiask provided with a two-way addition tube (Fig. 11,13, 9). Attach an efficient double surface condenser to the fiask and close the... 

Ketones are an important class of industrial chemicals that have found widespread use as solvents and chemical intermediates. Acetone (qv) is the simplest and most important ketone and finds ubiquitous use as a solvent. Higher members of the aUphatic methyl ketone series (eg, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and methyl amyl ketone) are also industrially significant solvents. Cyclohexanone is the most important cycHc ketone and is primarily used in the manufacture of y-caprolactam for nylon-6 (see Cyclohexanoland cyclohexanone). Other ketones find appHcation in fields as diverse as fragrance formulation and metals extraction. Although the industrially important ketones are reviewed herein, the laboratory preparation of ketones is covered elsewhere (1). 

Methyl Amyl Ketone. Methyl amyl ketone [110-43-0] (MAK) (2-heptanone) is a colorless Hquid with a faint fmity (banana) odor. It is found in oil of cloves and cinnamon-bark oil, and is manufactured by the condensation of acetone and butyraldehyde (158). Other preparations are known (159-162). 

The physical properties of finish removers vary considerably due to the diverse uses and requirements of the removers. Finish removers can be grouped by the principal ingredient of the formula, method of appHcation, method of removal, chemical base, viscosity, or hazardous classification. Except for method of apphcation, a paint remover formulation usually has one aspect of each group, by which it can be used for one or more appHcations. A Hst of the most common organic solvents used in finish removers has been compiled (3). Many are mentioned throughout this article others include ethyl lactate [97-64-3] propylene carbonate [108-32-7] furfural alcohol [98-01-1/, dimethyl formamide [68-12-2] tetrahydrofuran [109-99-9] methyl amyl ketone [110-43-0] dipropylene glycol methyl ether [34590-94-8] and Exxate 600, a trade name of Exxon Chemicals. 

The remaining (8%) //-butyraldehyde production of the United States goes into (in decreasing order) poly(vinyl butyral), 2-ethyIhexanal, trimethylolpropane, methyl amyl ketone, and butyric acid. 

Methyl amyl ketone, derived from the crossed aldol condensation of -butyraldehyde and acetone, is used predominandy as a high soHds coatings solvent. It is also employed as a replacement for the very toxic 2-ethoxyethyl acetate [111 -15-9J. 

The mi -ture of methyl-amyl ketone aud beiwaldehyde isolitted (rotn the first tractions distilled in the foUosyiii thres - fractionR -1. 51 to lo. 2. 95 to 165Y -i. lh,r to 180". 

Methyl n-amyl carbinol, 7, 62 Methyl -Amyl Ketone, 7, do, 62 /3-Methyl Anthraquinone, 4, 43... 

Fteptanone, see Methyl amyl ketone 3- Heptanone, see Ethyl butyl ketone ... 

Malononitrile, 66 Methylamine hydrochloride, 112 Methyl -amyl ketone, 60 Methyl benzoate, 51 Methyl chloride, 32, 36... 

Methyl acetoacetate, 24, 70 4-Methvl-7-acetoxycoumarin, 21, 24 Methyl acrylate, 20, 64, 81 Methylal, 20, 60 Methylaminc, 20, 36 anhydrous, 20, 35 35% aqueous solution, 21, 81 generator, 20, 35 hydrochloride, 21, 82 N-Methylaminoaromatic acids, 22, 93 Methyl amyl ketone, 23, 70 Methylaniline, 20, 11, 66 Methylation, 20, 97 Methyl c[-bromo-/3-methoxypropio nate, 20, 81... 

According to the submitters, methyl amyl ketone (800 g.) and ammonia (600 cc.) have been converted to 2-aminoheptane, b.p. 139-141°, in exactly the same manner, in 50-55 per cent yields. A slightly modified procedure was used in the preparation of w-heptylamine and furfurylamine. Heptaldehyde (320 g.) was dissolved in 500 cc. of methanol, and 150 cc. of liquid ammonia was added the reduction was conducted as above. w-Heptyla-mine, b.p. 57-58°/23 mm., was obtained in yields of 53-63 per cent. Freshly distilled furfural (290 g.) was dissolved in 500 cc. of methanol, 150 cc. of liquid ammonia was introduced, and the reduction carried out as usual. The product was removed, filtered, and fractionated directly. Furfurylamine, b.p. 144-146°, was obtained in 50 per cent yield. 

Half-blocked Dllsocyanates. The half-blocked diisocyanates were prepared using conventional methods (2) by adding dropwlse, over a period of one hour, 1 mole of alcohol to 1 mole of diisocyanate and 100 mg dibutyl tin dilaurate in methyl amyl ketone under an inert atmosphere. After the addition of the alcohol, the reaction was heated at 60-80°C for 2 hours. For half-blocked diisocyanates prepared from tertiary alcohols, the heating period was replaced with room temperature stirring for 24-36 hours to prevent undesirable side reactions. 

Synonyms AI3-01230 Amyl methyl ketone /J-Amyl methyl ketone BRN 1699063 Butyl acetone C-08380 EINECS 203-767-1 FEMA No. 2544 Ketone C-7 Methyl amyl ketone Methyl /3-amyl ketone Methyl pentyl ketone NSC 7313 UN 1110. 

Methyl-l-amylene, see 4-Methyl-l-pentene Methyl amyl ketone, see 2-Heptanone Methyl n-amyl ketone, see 2-Heptanone 2-Methylaniline, see o-Tolnidine AtMethylaniline, see Methylaniline o-Methylaniline, see o-Tolnidine Methylanon, see oMethylcyclohexanone p-Methylanthracene, see 2-Methylanthracene 2-Methylbenzenamine, see o-Tolnidine WMethylbenzenamine, see Methylaniline o-Methylbenzenamine, see o-Tolnidine Methylbenzene, see Tolnene Methylbenzol, see Tolnene p-Methylbivinyl, see 2-Methyl-l,3-bntadiene 2-Methylbntadiene, see 2-Methyl-l,3-bntadiene 2-Methyl-3-bntene, see 3-Methyl-l-bntene Methyl-3-bntan-l-ol, see Isoamyl alcohol 2-Methyl-4-bntanol, see Isoamyl alcohol... 

Toxicology. Methyl -amyl ketone irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes at high concentrations it causes narcosis in animals, and it is expected that severe exposure will produce the same effect in humans. 

Johnson BL et al Neurobehavioral effects of methyl w-amyl butyl ketone and methyl -amyl ketone in rats and monkeys Summary of NIOSH investigations.7 wz iro Pathol Toxicol 2 113-133, 1979... 

In a 3-I. round-bottom flask, fitted with an efficient Liebig condenser (100 X 1 cm.), 228 g. (2 moles) of methyl -amyl ketone (Org. Syn. 7, 60) is dissolved in a mixture of 600 cc. of 95 per cent alcohol and 200 cc. of water. One hundred and thirty grams (5.4 moles) of sodium in the form of wire is gradually added through the condenser. During the addition of the sodium the flask is cooled with running water (Note 1) so that the reaction does not become unduly violent (Note 2). 

Aldehydes and ketones. -Butyraldehyde Acetone Methyl -amyl ketone Benzaldehyde Acetophenone Benzophenone. 

With methyl -amyl ketone this process was repeated three times after the first separation. In the case of higher ketones a fewer number of separations is required, while with the simpler ketones a greater number is advisable, on account of their solubility in water. 

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