Methane + ethylene

Chlorination or bromination of methane, ethylene, etc Maleic anhydride (from butane)... 

Gaseous vent streams from the different unit operations may contain traces (or more) of HCl, CO, methane, ethylene, chlorine, and vinyl chloride. These can sometimes be treated chemically, or a specific chemical value can be recovered by scmbbing, sorption, or other method when economically justified. Eor objectionable components in the vent streams, however, the common treatment method is either incineration or catalytic combustion, followed by removal of HCl from the effluent gas. 

As discussed in Sec. 4, the icomplex function of temperature, pressure, and equilibrium vapor- and hquid-phase compositions. However, for mixtures of compounds of similar molecular structure and size, the K value depends mainly on temperature and pressure. For example, several major graphical ilight-hydrocarbon systems. The easiest to use are the DePriester charts [Chem. Eng. Prog. Symp. Ser 7, 49, 1 (1953)], which cover 12 hydrocarbons (methane, ethylene, ethane, propylene, propane, isobutane, isobutylene, /i-butane, isopentane, /1-pentane, /i-hexane, and /i-heptane). These charts are a simplification of the Kellogg charts [Liquid-Vapor Equilibiia in Mixtures of Light Hydrocarbons, MWK Equilibnum Con.stants, Polyco Data, (1950)] and include additional experimental data. The Kellogg charts, and hence the DePriester charts, are based primarily on the Benedict-Webb-Rubin equation of state [Chem. Eng. Prog., 47,419 (1951) 47, 449 (1951)], which can represent both the liquid and the vapor phases and can predict K values quite accurately when the equation constants are available for the components in question. 

Carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene, ethane, ethylene dichloride, aromatic solvent... 

Figure 16. Flammable limits for methane, ethylene, benzene, with nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor.

First, the released material must be flammable and at suitable conditions of pressure or temperature. Such materials include liquefled gases under pressure (e.g., propane, butane) ordinary flammable liquids, particularly at high temperatures and/ or pressures (e.g., cyclohexane, naphtha) and nonliquefled flammable gases (e.g., methane, ethylene, acetylene). 

Guerreri, G., Graphs Show Methane-Ethylene Split, Hydro. 

Both this and previous studies demonstrate the existence of rather long chains of consecutive ion-molecule reactions in methane, ethylene, and acetylene, and thus they provide direct evidence for ionic mechanisms of condensation or polymerization in these gases. Polymers have been found in relatively high yields among the radiolysis products of these... 

A feed at 400 psig contains 0.8485, 0.1010 and 0.0505 mol fractions of methane, ethylene and HC1 respectively. Find the amounts of catalyst at the two temperatures needed for 40% conversion. 

The separation section of a gas oil cracker looks like a small refinery, as you can see in Figure 5 or in Figure 5—5. In addition to the fractionators and treaters used in the purification section of the simpler ethane cracker, there are facilities to separate the heavier coproducts. In the front end of the separator facilities in Figure 5-4, the cold box option for handling the liquefaction of the gases is shown. Temperatures as low as -220°F are achieved in this super-refrigerator. At those low temperatures, Freon wont do the job. Liquid air, methane, ethylene, or ammonia are often used as the refrigerant in much the same way Freon has been used in an air conditioner. 

Chemical/Physical. TCDD was dehalogenated by a solution of poly (ethylene glycol), potassium carbonate, and sodium peroxide. After 2 h at 85 °C, >99.9% of the applied TCDD decomposed. Chemical intermediates identified include tri-, di-, and chloro[Ae]dibenzo[l,4]dioxin, di-benzodioxin, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene, and acetylene (Tundo et al., 1985). TCDD will not hydrolyze to any reasonable extent (Kollig, 1993). 

Oxygen has major uses in the chemical industry too. It is used to oxidize methane, ethylene, and other hydrocarbons. Oxidation of methane produces synthesis gas. Ethylene oxidation yields products such as ethylene oxide, acetaldehyde, and acetic acid. Oxygen also is used in making many commercial inorganic compounds including various metal oxides, oxoacids, and 0x0-salts. 

A relatively small number of chemicals form the basis of the petrochemical industry. These are methane, ethylene, propylene, butylenes, benzene, toluene, and xylenes. These chemicals are used to derive thousands of other chemicals that are used to produce countless products. Figure 19.2 lists some of the principal chemicals and products derived from these seven basic chemicals. 

Cook (Ref 16, p 143) in discussing the existence of free electrons in combustion flames and gaseous detonations (first mentioned in 1893 by Turpin and then theoretically discussed in 1909 by J.J. Thomson), quoted the paper of Bone et al (Ref 3), who stated that A.E. Malinovskii et al observed in 1924 the presence of free electrons during detonations of benzene-air mixtures and later (1930 8t 1933) of methane-, ethylene-, and acetylene-air mixtures. Bone et al confirmed Malinovskii s results in the case of spinning detonation of a moist 2CO +O2 mixture (Ref 16, p 143)... 

The reaction of CBr4 with potassium is reported to generate free C atoms and the rate constants for reaction with methane, ethylene, and benzene have been reported. The reaction of nitrogen atoms with CN radicals has also been used as a C atom source. Carbon atoms have also been produced by passing organics through a microwave discharge. ... 

Fig 3 Example of Use of Reaction Hazard Index with Methane, Ethylene, and Acetylene (Ref 2)... 

Selectivity is the ratio of the reactant carbon monoxide converted to propylene and higher hydrocarbons and all oxygenates (alcohols, aldehydes, and acids) to the reactant carbon monoxide converted to all hydrocarbons plus oxygenates. A selectivity of 100% indicates the production of propylene and heavier hydrocarbons plus oxygenates but no methane, ethylene, or ethane, and a selectivity of 0% indicates the production of methane, ethylene, and ethane but no higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates. Theoretically selectivity can range between 0 and 100% independent of conversion or carbon dioxide production. 

According to H. Rose,47 dry powdered ammonium chloride at 0° absorbs the vapour of sulphur trioxide without decomposition, forming a hard mass which, when heated, first develops hydrogen chloride, and forms ammonium sulphate— it has been suggested that the product may be ammonium chloropyro-sulphate, NH4.0.S205C1. With carbon monoxide at a red heat, C. Stammer observed no changes, but with calcium carbide, R. Salvadori obtained calcium chloride, nitrogen, ammonia, carbon, and a series of hydrocarbons—methane, ethylene, and acetylene. 

One serious limitation of NMR measurements is the size of sample required. It is not possible to measure trace amounts or extremely dilute solutions as is possible in optical spectroscopy. When there is but a single proton in a compound to be measured, we have been able to use concentrations down to one mole per cent, and correspondingly lower concentrations if more than one equivalent proton is present. Gaseous samples, with the possible exception of such gases as methane, ethylene, benzene, etc., having several equivalent protons, usually require pressures in excess of one atmosphere. 

With respect to the untreated Reactor I, the hydrogen peroxide yield was very small, and that of methane, ethylene, carbon monoxide, and acetaldehyde was large. The small ratio of hydrogen peroxide to propylene is possibly caused by the successive decomposition of hydrogen peroxide once formed. With aged Reactor II, the yield of hydrogen peroxide and methanol increased, while that of methane, ethylene, and carbon monoxide decreased significantly. 

Effect of other factors on cellulose. Dry distillation at a temperature above 150°C causes cellulose to produce compounds of low molecular weight, such as water, methane, ethylene, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, acetic acid, and acetone. According to Pictet [49] dry distillation under reduced pressure yields a substance having the empirical formula C6H10Oj, laevo-glucosan which probably is /3-D-glucopyranose anhydride ... 

Hydrocarbon - An organic chemical compound containing the elements carbon and hydrogen. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are straight chain compounds and aromatic hydrocarbons are based on the cyclic or benzene ring. They may be gaseous, (methane, ethylene, butadiene) liquid (hexane, benzene) or solid (natural rubber, naphthalene, cis-polybutadiene). 

An important feature of the high-temperature oxidation of hydrocarbons is the progressive accumulation of formaldehyde during the induction period and the influence that it may exert on the subsequent course of reaction. Detailed studies of the role of formaldehyde in the combustion of hydrocarbons at temperatures above 400° C. have been reported for methane, ethylene, and cyclopropane. 

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