Methacrylate polymers, pendant

A considerable amount of attention has also been paid to the photo-Fries rearrangement of polymer pendant groups. For example, the rearrangement of poly (phenyl acrylate) (10,11) in solution or in the solid-state, is usually incomplete and results in the formation of both the ortho and the para-hydroxyphenone rearranged products in amounts which vary with the conditions of the photolysis. A concurrent side-reaction, which we term the Fries degradation, also results in the liberation of small amounts of phenol (Scheme 2). Similar results have been obtained with poly (phenyl methacrylate) and other substituted aryl acrylates (4,9,12). 

The H and 13C NMR spectra of azo compounds incorporated into monomers and polymers have been measured.67-73 Chiral methacrylic polymers containing azobenzene chromophore,67,68 epoxy-based polymers functionalized with tricyanivinylphenylazo chromophores,69 4-vinylazobenzene and homo- and copolymers,70 microstructure of trans-4-acrylooyloxyazo-benzene/methyl methacrylate copolymers,71 optically active poly[(S)-4-(2-methacryloyloxypropanoyloxy)azobenzene]72 and polyetherurethane pendant with azo dye by TV-substitution73 have been studied. 

The counter radical method can also be used for graft copolymer synthesis. Solomon et al. propose two routes [51]. The first one involves copolymerization with a functional monomer such as methacrylate containing pendant al-koxyamine. In the second route, the alkoxyamine is grafted onto a polymer precursor used in a second step to initiate the living polymerization of a second monomer. PBd-g-PMA is prepared this way from PBd. 

Ruckenstein E. Emulsion pathways to composite pol3mieric membranes for separation processes. Colloid Polym Sci 1989 267 192-191. Park JS and Ruckenstein E. Selective permeation through hydrophobic-hydrophihc membranes. J Appl Pol Sci 1989 38 453 61. Wang Y, Hirakawa S, Wang H, Tanaka K, Kita H, and Okamoto K. Pervaporation properties to aromatic/non-aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures of cross-linked membranes of copoly(methacrylates) with pendant phosphate and carbamoylphosphonate groups. J Membr Sci 2002 199 13-27. 

Acrylics and Methacrylics. Acrylic and methacrylic polymers with pendant (tricyano-vinyl)carbazole groups [161] or dicyanovinylidene-phenylamine groups [162] have been synthesized. 

Ohsedo, Y., I. Imae, N. Noma, and Y. Shirota. 1996. Synthesis and electrochromic properties of a methacrylate polymer containing pendant terthiophene. Synth Met 81 157-162. 

The class of compounds called polyesters consists of aU heterochain macromolecular compounds that possess repeat carboxylate ester groups in the backbones. This excludes all polymers with ester groups located as pendant groups, like acrylic and methacrylic polymers, poly(vinyl esters), and esters of cellulose, or starch. What remains, however, is still a large group of polymeric materials that can be subdivided into saturated and unsaturated polyesters. 

Poly(5-[4-(acryloyloxy)phenyl]-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin) Poly(5-[4-(methacryloyloxy)phenyl]-10,15,20- Polyacrylate or methacrylate polymers with pendant porphyrin units hypochromism and hyperchromism discussed. [160]... 

Y. Ohsedo, I. Imae and Y. Shirota, Synthesis and electrochromic properties of a new family of methacrylate polymers containing pendant oUgothiophenes, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys., 41, 2471-2484 (2003). 

The synthesis of a series of polyacrylates and methacrylates with pendant carbazole groups has been reported [587]. The polymers were prepared by the reaction of ffl-hydroxyalkylcarbazoles or the corresponding alkoholates with poly(acryloyl chloride) and poly(methacryloyl chloride) (43). GPC, H-NMR, and elemental analysis show that high-molecular weight polymers with an almost quantitative degree of substitution are obtained by this polymer analogous reaction. 

Sun, Y., Wan, D., and Huang, J. (2001). Preparation of a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate with pendant 4-benzyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy and its initiation of the graft polymerization of styrene by a controlled radical mechanism. J. Polym. Sci., Part A Polym. Chem., 39(5) 604-612. 

The transport-active groups can be part of the polymer backbone structure, they can be covalently linked as pendant groups to a vinyl or similar chain such as carbazole groups (substituted aromatic amines) in PVK, or need not be covalently attached to the polymer backbone at all. Indeed, solid solutions of NIPC in polycarbonate display hole mobilities that are comparable to those in PVK [19, 20]. The polymer backbone in PVK does not contribute to transport, but merely ties the transport-active groups together. Similarly, both solid solutions of triphenylamine (TPA) in polycarbonate [21] and poly (methacrylate) with pendant triphenylamine groups [22] display photoconductivity and charge transport. 

Pendant Group on Acrylic or Methacrylic Polymer Reactive Monomer Containing Pendant Group Resin Co-reacted to Effect Cure Catalyst... 

We can use the change of dipole moment as a driving force of conformational change of the polymer chain by incorporating the chromophores into the pendant groups. A representative example is poly(methyl methacrylate) with pendant spirobenzopyran groups. ... 

The linkage between two chains can also be ionic. Thus the copolymer between ethylene and methacrylic acid (MA) (up to 15% MA), made by free radical polymerisation, yields a polymer with pendant carboxyl groups. Neutralisation with zinc ions gives a crosslinked, thermo-reversible polymer (Surlyn ). The resulting polymer (ionomer) has limited properties, although it is the favoured material for the outer covering of golf balls. 

The most well-developed recent examples of catalysis concern catalysts for oxidation reactions these are essentially achiral or chiral metal-salen complexes. Taking into account a number of results suggesting the importance of a degree of mobility of the bound complex, Sherrington et al. synthesized a series of polymer-supported complexes in which [Mn(salen)Cl] units are immobilized in a pendant fashion by only one of the aromatic rings, to polystyrene or poly(methacrylate) resin beads of various morphology (Figure 6).78,79... 

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