Fries degradation

N. Fried, Degradation of Composite Materials The Effect of Water on Glass-Reinforced Plastic, in Mechanics of Composite Materials, Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Naval Structural Mechanics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 8-10 May 1967, F. W. Wendt, H. Liebowitz, and N. Perrone (Editors), Pergamon, Now York, 1970, pp. 813-837. 

A considerable amount of attention has also been paid to the photo-Fries rearrangement of polymer pendant groups. For example, the rearrangement of poly (phenyl acrylate) (10,11) in solution or in the solid-state, is usually incomplete and results in the formation of both the ortho and the para-hydroxyphenone rearranged products in amounts which vary with the conditions of the photolysis. A concurrent side-reaction, which we term the Fries degradation, also results in the liberation of small amounts of phenol (Scheme 2). Similar results have been obtained with poly (phenyl methacrylate) and other substituted aryl acrylates (4,9,12). 

Abstract This is a tutorial about the main optical properties of the Earth atmosphere as it affects incoming radiation from astrophysical sources. Turbulence is a random process, of which statitical moments are described relying on the Kolmogorov model. The phase structure function and the Fried parameter ro are introduced. Analytical expressions of the degradation of the optical transfer function due to the turbulence, and the resulting Strehl ratio and anisoplanatism are derived. 

Fries MR, LJ Forney, JM Tiedje (1998b) Phenol- and toluene-degrading microbial populations from an aquifer in which successful trichloroethene cometabolism occurred. Appl Environ Microbiol 63 1523-1530. 

The use of toluene to induce oxygenation of haloalkanes has been discussed in Chapter 7, Part 3, and probes for toluene-2-monooxygenase have been used to evaluate the potential nnmber of TCE-degrading organisms in an aquifer (Fries et al. 1997b). In this study, repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (REP-PCR) (de Bruijn 1992) of isolates was used to classify their metabolic capability. 

Fries MR, J Zhou, J Chee-Sandford, JM Tiedje (1994) Isolation, characterization, and distribution of denitrifying toluene degraders from a variety of habitats. Appl Environ Microbiol 60 2802-2810. 

Figure 1. Photo-Fries rearrangement and other photoinduced degradations of...

Chain cleavage with subsequent formation of phenolic products, rather than the photo-Fries rearrangement to form salicylates and dihydroxybenxophenones, has been identified as the major initial degradation pathway of PC exposed to natural weathering conditions. 

Arylamine Photodecomposition. A number of researchers have alluded to the fact that the products produced from photolysis of aromatic carbamates (i.e., la) also degrade upon irradiation (10), 17). Indeed, we found that the aryl amine 2b and the photo-Fries products 2c and 2d (resulting from photolysis of 2a) decomposed with respective disappearance quantum yields of 0.035, 0.004, and 0.003 when irradiated at 280 nm. These latter results agree with those of Schwetlick et al. (17), who found the rates of disappearance of lc and Id to be quite small. 

Glickman, M. H., Rubin, D. M., Coux, O., Wefes, I., Pfeifer, G., Cjeka, Z., Baumeister, W., Fried, V. A., and Finley, D. A subcomplex of the proteasome regulatory partide required for ubiquitin-conjugate degradation and related to the COP9-signalosome and eIF3. Cell 1998, 94, 615-623. 

In an in vitro fermentation study, rumen microorganisms metabolized both isomers of [ C]DDT o,p- and p,p-) to the corresponding DDD isomers at a rate of 12%/h. With p,//-DDT, 11% of the C detected was an unidentified polar product associated with microbial and substrate residues (Fries et al., 1969). In another in vitro study, extracts of Hydrogenomonas sp. cultures degraded DDT to DDD, l-chloro-2,2-bis(/5-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDMS), DBF, and several other products under anaerobic conditions. Under aerobic conditions containing whole cells, one of the rings is cleaved and p-chlorophenylacetic acid is formed (Pfaender and Alexander, 1972). 

Fries, G.F. Degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons under anaerobic conditions, in Fate of Organic Pesticides in the Aquatic Environment, Advances in Chemistry Series, Gould, R.F., Ed. (Washington, DC American Chemical Society, 1972), pp. 256-270. 

Carrano AC, E an E, Hershko A, Pagano M (1999) SKP2 is required for ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the CDK inhibitor p27. Nature Cell Biol 1 193-199 Cendarelli C, Hou D, Hsu KC, Rellahan BL, Wiest DL, Smith HT, Fried VA, Weissman AM 0992) Activation-induced ubiquitination of the T cell antigen receptor. Science 257 795-797... 

Oliveto EP (1972) Synthesis and degradation of the pregnane side-chain. In Fried J, Edwards JA (eds) Organic reactions in steroid chemistry, vol 2. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, p 127... 

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